1 00:05:45,830 --> 00:05:43,909 as the countdown to mars continues 2 00:05:47,909 --> 00:05:45,840 the perseverance of humanity launching 3 00:06:00,450 --> 00:05:47,919 the next generation of robotic explorers 4 00:06:00,460 --> 00:06:29,909 [Music] 5 00:06:34,710 --> 00:06:31,990 welcome to nasa's jet propulsion 6 00:06:36,230 --> 00:06:34,720 laboratory in southern california 7 00:06:39,510 --> 00:06:36,240 we are gearing up for nasa's 8 00:06:41,830 --> 00:06:39,520 perseverance rover to touch down on mars 9 00:06:43,590 --> 00:06:41,840 happening in an hour and a half from now 10 00:06:45,990 --> 00:06:43,600 the rover will attempt to land 11 00:06:48,070 --> 00:06:46,000 in jezreel crater it is the most 12 00:06:51,270 --> 00:06:48,080 difficult landing site on mars 13 00:06:54,469 --> 00:06:51,280 ever attempted thank you for joining us 14 00:06:56,629 --> 00:06:54,479 i'm your host raquel villanueva 15 00:06:58,309 --> 00:06:56,639 in the past mission team members 16 00:06:59,430 --> 00:06:58,319 gathered in our mission control for 17 00:07:01,749 --> 00:06:59,440 landings 18 00:07:03,589 --> 00:07:01,759 but this time around we have coveted 19 00:07:05,270 --> 00:07:03,599 safety measures in place 20 00:07:07,350 --> 00:07:05,280 today's landing will look a little 21 00:07:10,070 --> 00:07:07,360 different than what you've seen before 22 00:07:11,350 --> 00:07:10,080 i am in a room by myself and so is my 23 00:07:13,430 --> 00:07:11,360 co-host 24 00:07:15,909 --> 00:07:13,440 here in the space flight operations 25 00:07:17,430 --> 00:07:15,919 facility team members are in different 26 00:07:20,150 --> 00:07:17,440 parts of this building 27 00:07:21,189 --> 00:07:20,160 some are in mission control others are 28 00:07:24,629 --> 00:07:21,199 upstairs for 29 00:07:25,350 --> 00:07:24,639 landing operations we also have isolated 30 00:07:28,469 --> 00:07:25,360 rooms for 31 00:07:29,670 --> 00:07:28,479 our guests on the show in total we have 32 00:07:32,469 --> 00:07:29,680 eight locations 33 00:07:33,830 --> 00:07:32,479 covered by 14 robotic cameras that you 34 00:07:36,870 --> 00:07:33,840 will be seeing 35 00:07:40,309 --> 00:07:36,880 one of those locations is the dark room 36 00:07:42,830 --> 00:07:40,319 the heart of nasa's deep space network 37 00:07:44,390 --> 00:07:42,840 think of it as a giant communication 38 00:07:46,869 --> 00:07:44,400 switchboard this 39 00:07:48,710 --> 00:07:46,879 is where spacecraft phone home to us 40 00:07:51,670 --> 00:07:48,720 from across the solar system 41 00:07:53,830 --> 00:07:51,680 and interstellar space the deep space 42 00:07:57,270 --> 00:07:53,840 network has been tracking perseverance 43 00:07:59,909 --> 00:07:57,280 since it left earth and there are lots 44 00:08:02,950 --> 00:07:59,919 of ways you can watch landing today 45 00:08:05,430 --> 00:08:02,960 we have a 360 degree camera 46 00:08:06,790 --> 00:08:05,440 inside the control room it lets you 47 00:08:08,710 --> 00:08:06,800 experience the landing 48 00:08:10,150 --> 00:08:08,720 right along with the team while seeing 49 00:08:13,430 --> 00:08:10,160 this broadcast 50 00:08:16,150 --> 00:08:13,440 we also have the clean feed it shows an 51 00:08:17,749 --> 00:08:16,160 uninterrupted view of mission control 52 00:08:21,270 --> 00:08:17,759 and audio 53 00:08:23,430 --> 00:08:21,280 dambien de nemo's program in espanol 54 00:08:24,390 --> 00:08:23,440 to tell us about it is host diana 55 00:08:27,990 --> 00:08:24,400 trujillo 56 00:08:32,310 --> 00:08:30,070 thank you raquel we're so excited to be 57 00:08:33,269 --> 00:08:32,320 the sister live broadcast in spanish 58 00:08:37,389 --> 00:08:33,279 synthony 59 00:08:52,790 --> 00:08:37,399 program twitter youtube and facebook and 60 00:08:56,710 --> 00:08:55,030 and don't forget we want to see how you 61 00:08:59,190 --> 00:08:56,720 are watching the landing today 62 00:09:00,790 --> 00:08:59,200 use the countdown to mars to send us 63 00:09:03,110 --> 00:09:00,800 your photos and videos 64 00:09:05,990 --> 00:09:03,120 to preview what interviews are coming up 65 00:09:09,670 --> 00:09:06,000 is my co-host from the jpl news office 66 00:09:11,829 --> 00:09:09,680 marina jericho thanks so much raquel 67 00:09:13,829 --> 00:09:11,839 the excitement is building behind me 68 00:09:16,470 --> 00:09:13,839 right here in mission control as we 69 00:09:18,550 --> 00:09:16,480 count down to the perseverance landing 70 00:09:20,710 --> 00:09:18,560 we will be talking to some of the many 71 00:09:23,910 --> 00:09:20,720 people who made today possible from 72 00:09:25,350 --> 00:09:23,920 scientist to engineers on the mars 2020 73 00:09:27,269 --> 00:09:25,360 perseverance rover team 74 00:09:28,790 --> 00:09:27,279 to folks from nasa headquarters giving 75 00:09:31,509 --> 00:09:28,800 us a look into the future 76 00:09:33,350 --> 00:09:31,519 of mars exploration a little later we 77 00:09:34,550 --> 00:09:33,360 will also be speaking with the students 78 00:09:37,590 --> 00:09:34,560 who named the rover 79 00:09:38,710 --> 00:09:37,600 and the helicopter inspirational stories 80 00:09:41,750 --> 00:09:38,720 as we prepare for 81 00:09:45,110 --> 00:09:41,760 another landing on the red planet 82 00:09:47,030 --> 00:09:45,120 back to you raquel on this exciting day 83 00:09:48,389 --> 00:09:47,040 later in the show we will be answering 84 00:09:50,870 --> 00:09:48,399 some of the questions you 85 00:09:52,070 --> 00:09:50,880 submitted through your classrooms 86 00:09:55,269 --> 00:09:52,080 landing on mars 87 00:09:57,190 --> 00:09:55,279 is complex on this exciting day 88 00:09:59,110 --> 00:09:57,200 later in the show we will be answering 89 00:10:01,030 --> 00:09:59,120 some of the questions you submitted 90 00:10:04,630 --> 00:10:01,040 through your classrooms 91 00:10:07,030 --> 00:10:04,640 landing on mars is complex the team will 92 00:10:09,430 --> 00:10:07,040 be calling out milestones as they happen 93 00:10:10,790 --> 00:10:09,440 it's fast-paced and you'll hear lots of 94 00:10:12,870 --> 00:10:10,800 technical terms 95 00:10:15,030 --> 00:10:12,880 to help us translate and explain what is 96 00:10:17,590 --> 00:10:15,040 going on in mission control 97 00:10:19,750 --> 00:10:17,600 is swati mohan she is part of 98 00:10:21,269 --> 00:10:19,760 perseverance's landing team 99 00:10:23,910 --> 00:10:21,279 thanks for guiding us through landing 100 00:10:24,949 --> 00:10:23,920 today swati hi raquel i'm happy to be 101 00:10:27,110 --> 00:10:24,959 here today 102 00:10:29,030 --> 00:10:27,120 so swati what is the status of the 103 00:10:31,350 --> 00:10:29,040 perseverance rover right now 104 00:10:32,389 --> 00:10:31,360 so perseverance is still in space right 105 00:10:35,670 --> 00:10:32,399 now about 106 00:10:39,590 --> 00:10:35,680 9 000 miles from mars so far 107 00:10:40,710 --> 00:10:39,600 so mars is about 127 million miles from 108 00:10:43,110 --> 00:10:40,720 earth right now 109 00:10:43,829 --> 00:10:43,120 that means it takes about 11 minutes 110 00:10:53,269 --> 00:10:43,839 from 111 00:10:54,069 --> 00:10:53,279 that means it takes about 11 minutes 112 00:11:00,310 --> 00:10:54,079 from 113 00:11:02,230 --> 00:11:00,320 earth so all the information that we 114 00:11:02,949 --> 00:11:02,240 receive from perseverance actually 115 00:11:06,389 --> 00:11:02,959 happened 116 00:11:09,430 --> 00:11:06,399 11 minutes ago so the round trip 117 00:11:10,790 --> 00:11:09,440 is 22 minutes for us to send a command 118 00:11:13,509 --> 00:11:10,800 to perseverance 119 00:11:14,630 --> 00:11:13,519 and hear back on the ground that she's 120 00:11:17,670 --> 00:11:14,640 received that command 121 00:11:20,150 --> 00:11:17,680 this is what we call two-way light time 122 00:11:21,910 --> 00:11:20,160 that's good to know and can you tell us 123 00:11:22,949 --> 00:11:21,920 who else is in the room with you right 124 00:11:25,269 --> 00:11:22,959 now 125 00:11:26,550 --> 00:11:25,279 the operations team is split into two 126 00:11:28,949 --> 00:11:26,560 different areas 127 00:11:30,310 --> 00:11:28,959 here in the cruise mission support area 128 00:11:32,470 --> 00:11:30,320 we have primarily 129 00:11:33,750 --> 00:11:32,480 the team that has been flying 130 00:11:37,030 --> 00:11:33,760 perseverance from 131 00:11:37,910 --> 00:11:37,040 earth to mars you'll see the placards 132 00:11:40,150 --> 00:11:37,920 with the 133 00:11:41,190 --> 00:11:40,160 roles of each of the people by their 134 00:11:43,590 --> 00:11:41,200 stations 135 00:11:44,710 --> 00:11:43,600 some of the people you may hear talking 136 00:11:47,590 --> 00:11:44,720 today are 137 00:11:48,069 --> 00:11:47,600 the flight director who is the conductor 138 00:11:51,110 --> 00:11:48,079 of our 139 00:11:52,629 --> 00:11:51,120 operations orchestra here the entry 140 00:11:55,590 --> 00:11:52,639 descent and landing 141 00:11:56,550 --> 00:11:55,600 activity lead who is a member of the 142 00:11:58,949 --> 00:11:56,560 landing team 143 00:12:00,870 --> 00:11:58,959 tasked with understanding the execution 144 00:12:03,750 --> 00:12:00,880 of entry descent and landing 145 00:12:04,710 --> 00:12:03,760 and then also the telecommunications and 146 00:12:07,430 --> 00:12:04,720 entry descent 147 00:12:09,590 --> 00:12:07,440 and landing communications engineers who 148 00:12:11,430 --> 00:12:09,600 will be monitoring the signal from 149 00:12:12,710 --> 00:12:11,440 perseverance through the different paths 150 00:12:16,230 --> 00:12:12,720 that we have 151 00:12:18,629 --> 00:12:16,240 upstairs in what we call the war room 152 00:12:19,670 --> 00:12:18,639 we have almost the entire entry descent 153 00:12:22,550 --> 00:12:19,680 and landing 154 00:12:23,190 --> 00:12:22,560 operations team and then across the hall 155 00:12:25,910 --> 00:12:23,200 from them 156 00:12:26,310 --> 00:12:25,920 we have this surface mission control 157 00:12:28,870 --> 00:12:26,320 room 158 00:12:29,350 --> 00:12:28,880 where the surface operations team is 159 00:12:30,949 --> 00:12:29,360 ready 160 00:12:33,829 --> 00:12:30,959 and waiting to take over as soon as 161 00:12:36,949 --> 00:12:33,839 perseverance's wheels touch the ground 162 00:12:39,509 --> 00:12:36,959 and you have been part of this mission 163 00:12:40,949 --> 00:12:39,519 for years now can you tell us what have 164 00:12:42,949 --> 00:12:40,959 you been working on 165 00:12:45,030 --> 00:12:42,959 i've been working on perseverance for 166 00:12:48,150 --> 00:12:45,040 almost eight years now 167 00:12:51,110 --> 00:12:48,160 as a guidance navigation control 168 00:12:52,230 --> 00:12:51,120 engineer working primarily on entry 169 00:12:55,190 --> 00:12:52,240 descent and landing 170 00:12:55,990 --> 00:12:55,200 one of my big tasks was to help with 171 00:12:58,550 --> 00:12:56,000 terrain 172 00:13:00,470 --> 00:12:58,560 relative navigation perseverance will be 173 00:13:02,069 --> 00:13:00,480 the first mission to fly terrain 174 00:13:03,829 --> 00:13:02,079 relative navigation 175 00:13:05,269 --> 00:13:03,839 so while she's descending on the 176 00:13:08,150 --> 00:13:05,279 parachute she will 177 00:13:09,110 --> 00:13:08,160 actually be looking at the ground with a 178 00:13:10,949 --> 00:13:09,120 camera 179 00:13:12,389 --> 00:13:10,959 seeing where she is with respect to the 180 00:13:15,350 --> 00:13:12,399 martian surface and 181 00:13:16,389 --> 00:13:15,360 choosing a safe spot to land that she 182 00:13:18,550 --> 00:13:16,399 can get to 183 00:13:19,750 --> 00:13:18,560 after so many years of working on the 184 00:13:21,590 --> 00:13:19,760 mission it's 185 00:13:22,949 --> 00:13:21,600 an honor to be here today as the mission 186 00:13:24,310 --> 00:13:22,959 commentator 187 00:13:26,470 --> 00:13:24,320 we're happy to have you here thanks 188 00:13:28,949 --> 00:13:26,480 swati we'll be checking back in with you 189 00:13:31,350 --> 00:13:28,959 in just a few minutes as perseverance 190 00:13:34,069 --> 00:13:31,360 approaches its next milestone 191 00:13:35,110 --> 00:13:34,079 but for now let's learn more about the 192 00:13:40,069 --> 00:13:35,120 rover's mission 193 00:13:44,870 --> 00:13:42,710 you know mars is the closest place that 194 00:13:46,629 --> 00:13:44,880 we can reach with robotic exploration 195 00:13:48,230 --> 00:13:46,639 that we think had a really good chance 196 00:13:50,470 --> 00:13:48,240 of having ancient life 197 00:13:52,550 --> 00:13:50,480 the perseverance rover will land at a 198 00:13:54,629 --> 00:13:52,560 location called jezreel crater 199 00:13:56,310 --> 00:13:54,639 jezreel crater is a very interesting 200 00:13:58,389 --> 00:13:56,320 place it's a crater 201 00:13:59,350 --> 00:13:58,399 that once held a lake there are a lot of 202 00:14:01,189 --> 00:13:59,360 craters on 203 00:14:02,790 --> 00:14:01,199 the surface of mars that could have once 204 00:14:04,629 --> 00:14:02,800 hosted ancient lakes 205 00:14:06,949 --> 00:14:04,639 but not every crater that we think had a 206 00:14:08,230 --> 00:14:06,959 lake actually preserves evidence that 207 00:14:10,150 --> 00:14:08,240 that lake was there 208 00:14:12,150 --> 00:14:10,160 it had an inflow channel and it had an 209 00:14:13,670 --> 00:14:12,160 outflow channel that means it was filled 210 00:14:16,069 --> 00:14:13,680 the crater was filled 211 00:14:18,069 --> 00:14:16,079 with water in jezreel we have probably 212 00:14:19,590 --> 00:14:18,079 one of the most beautifully preserved 213 00:14:22,150 --> 00:14:19,600 delta deposits 214 00:14:23,509 --> 00:14:22,160 on mars in that crater this is a 215 00:14:25,829 --> 00:14:23,519 wonderful place to live 216 00:14:26,790 --> 00:14:25,839 for microorganisms and it is also a 217 00:14:29,670 --> 00:14:26,800 wonderful place 218 00:14:30,949 --> 00:14:29,680 for those microorganisms to be preserved 219 00:14:33,030 --> 00:14:30,959 so that we can find them 220 00:14:34,790 --> 00:14:33,040 now so many billions of years later 221 00:14:36,069 --> 00:14:34,800 there is no other place on mars that has 222 00:14:38,150 --> 00:14:36,079 the unique combination 223 00:14:39,110 --> 00:14:38,160 of a lake setting a beautifully 224 00:14:40,790 --> 00:14:39,120 preserved delta 225 00:14:42,629 --> 00:14:40,800 and the diverse mineralogy that we have 226 00:14:43,430 --> 00:14:42,639 in jezreel crater so it's truly a 227 00:14:46,550 --> 00:14:43,440 special 228 00:14:47,750 --> 00:14:46,560 landing site the major goal of the 229 00:14:51,269 --> 00:14:47,760 perseverance mission 230 00:14:52,550 --> 00:14:51,279 is to investigate astrobiology on mars 231 00:14:54,310 --> 00:14:52,560 and in particular 232 00:14:55,590 --> 00:14:54,320 to address the question of whether life 233 00:14:58,389 --> 00:14:55,600 ever existed 234 00:14:59,750 --> 00:14:58,399 on mars the perseverance rover starts 235 00:15:01,910 --> 00:14:59,760 with a design that's very similar to 236 00:15:03,829 --> 00:15:01,920 curiosity but we've added to it a whole 237 00:15:05,430 --> 00:15:03,839 new set of science instruments 238 00:15:07,110 --> 00:15:05,440 and these science instruments were 239 00:15:08,949 --> 00:15:07,120 purposefully selected 240 00:15:10,710 --> 00:15:08,959 to help us in the search for 241 00:15:12,949 --> 00:15:10,720 biosignatures 242 00:15:13,750 --> 00:15:12,959 we're going to be taking microphones 243 00:15:16,629 --> 00:15:13,760 with us 244 00:15:17,910 --> 00:15:16,639 for the first time we're going to have 245 00:15:21,110 --> 00:15:17,920 that human sense 246 00:15:23,430 --> 00:15:21,120 on another planet perseverance 247 00:15:24,150 --> 00:15:23,440 carries with her a grand experiment in 248 00:15:27,269 --> 00:15:24,160 space 249 00:15:28,150 --> 00:15:27,279 fairing technology a helicopter the name 250 00:15:30,790 --> 00:15:28,160 of which 251 00:15:32,790 --> 00:15:30,800 is now ingenuity one of the major 252 00:15:34,870 --> 00:15:32,800 upgrades that perseverance has 253 00:15:36,069 --> 00:15:34,880 from curiosity is that it's able to 254 00:15:38,870 --> 00:15:36,079 self-drive 255 00:15:39,590 --> 00:15:38,880 for a distance of up to 200 meters per 256 00:15:41,910 --> 00:15:39,600 day 257 00:15:43,189 --> 00:15:41,920 as the rover is driving it's literally 258 00:15:46,470 --> 00:15:43,199 building the map 259 00:15:48,470 --> 00:15:46,480 of the road it's driving on on mars 260 00:15:50,629 --> 00:15:48,480 scientists for years have told us that 261 00:15:52,389 --> 00:15:50,639 to really unlock 262 00:15:54,550 --> 00:15:52,399 the secrets of mars we have to bring 263 00:15:58,310 --> 00:15:54,560 samples from mars back to earth 264 00:16:01,749 --> 00:15:58,320 so what marsh 2020 is going to do is to 265 00:16:03,350 --> 00:16:01,759 drill samples put them in small tubes 266 00:16:05,350 --> 00:16:03,360 we're going to seal it in its own 267 00:16:05,990 --> 00:16:05,360 individual tube we set them on the 268 00:16:08,150 --> 00:16:06,000 surface 269 00:16:09,189 --> 00:16:08,160 to provide a target for the second two 270 00:16:11,110 --> 00:16:09,199 missions 271 00:16:12,470 --> 00:16:11,120 which hopefully will get in development 272 00:16:14,230 --> 00:16:12,480 in the next several years and could 273 00:16:18,389 --> 00:16:14,240 potentially get the samples back 274 00:16:19,110 --> 00:16:18,399 to earth by 2031. perseverance is a very 275 00:16:22,310 --> 00:16:19,120 very 276 00:16:25,430 --> 00:16:22,320 profound first step in both 277 00:16:28,470 --> 00:16:25,440 our understanding of our place 278 00:16:35,990 --> 00:16:28,480 in the universe and a stepping stone 279 00:16:38,310 --> 00:16:36,000 towards human exploration on mars 280 00:16:39,110 --> 00:16:38,320 you are watching live mars landing 281 00:16:40,949 --> 00:16:39,120 commentary 282 00:16:43,030 --> 00:16:40,959 and perseverance is about to reach 283 00:16:45,670 --> 00:16:43,040 another important milestone 284 00:16:46,150 --> 00:16:45,680 swati can you tell us what is happening 285 00:16:49,269 --> 00:16:46,160 we are 286 00:16:51,910 --> 00:16:49,279 at a milestone where the operations team 287 00:16:54,310 --> 00:16:51,920 determines whether they're ready to turn 288 00:16:56,629 --> 00:16:54,320 off the transmitter to perseverance 289 00:16:57,430 --> 00:16:56,639 turning off the transmitter is like 290 00:16:59,910 --> 00:16:57,440 taking 291 00:17:01,990 --> 00:16:59,920 your hands off of the wheel at this 292 00:17:04,789 --> 00:17:02,000 point ford perseverance would be 293 00:17:06,230 --> 00:17:04,799 on her own to execute entry descent and 294 00:17:13,590 --> 00:17:06,240 landing over 500 295 00:17:18,150 --> 00:17:15,590 okay all stations we are ready for the 296 00:17:23,350 --> 00:17:18,160 transmitter off poll 297 00:17:30,870 --> 00:17:27,350 acs are you go hcs we go 298 00:17:34,470 --> 00:17:30,880 phase two phase two is go 299 00:17:39,029 --> 00:17:34,480 activity activities go help link lead 300 00:17:49,350 --> 00:17:42,950 edl com go telecom one 301 00:17:56,070 --> 00:17:52,630 go gds2 go 302 00:17:59,110 --> 00:17:56,080 fault protection go power 303 00:18:02,230 --> 00:17:59,120 go avionics go 304 00:18:06,150 --> 00:18:02,240 thermal go flight software 305 00:18:09,669 --> 00:18:06,160 please go for go data management go 306 00:18:12,870 --> 00:18:09,679 propulsion go art lead 307 00:18:17,350 --> 00:18:12,880 go team chief go 308 00:18:20,789 --> 00:18:17,360 ace go launch cruise phase lead 309 00:18:23,830 --> 00:18:20,799 go deputy mission go 310 00:18:27,270 --> 00:18:23,840 edl phase lead go mission 311 00:18:32,470 --> 00:18:27,280 assurance assurances go chief 312 00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:36,070 chief is go project manager 313 00:18:42,549 --> 00:18:39,760 project go mission manager all stations 314 00:18:47,110 --> 00:18:42,559 are go for transmitter off 315 00:18:50,150 --> 00:18:49,270 there you have it raquel we have deemed 316 00:18:52,150 --> 00:18:50,160 perseverance 317 00:18:54,710 --> 00:18:52,160 ready to execute entry descent and 318 00:18:56,789 --> 00:18:54,720 landing on her own 319 00:18:58,070 --> 00:18:56,799 thank you swati as we just heard 320 00:19:00,549 --> 00:18:58,080 perseverance is now 321 00:19:02,150 --> 00:19:00,559 operating on its own as it cruises 322 00:19:04,230 --> 00:19:02,160 closer to mars 323 00:19:05,510 --> 00:19:04,240 to help explain what this mission means 324 00:19:08,230 --> 00:19:05,520 for the agency 325 00:19:09,510 --> 00:19:08,240 is nasa's associate administrator thomas 326 00:19:12,070 --> 00:19:09,520 zurbukin 327 00:19:14,310 --> 00:19:12,080 thomas this is our fifth rover sent to 328 00:19:16,070 --> 00:19:14,320 mars since 1997. 329 00:19:18,710 --> 00:19:16,080 can you tell us how perseverance is 330 00:19:20,950 --> 00:19:18,720 going to kick-start a new era 331 00:19:22,870 --> 00:19:20,960 wow this is such an important date today 332 00:19:23,990 --> 00:19:22,880 and and it really is the beginning of a 333 00:19:26,630 --> 00:19:24,000 new era in a sense 334 00:19:27,590 --> 00:19:26,640 that we're going from exploration kind 335 00:19:31,110 --> 00:19:27,600 of with 336 00:19:34,630 --> 00:19:31,120 experiments on rovers looking around 337 00:19:35,830 --> 00:19:34,640 doing analysis to the sample return 338 00:19:38,630 --> 00:19:35,840 phase in which we're 339 00:19:39,590 --> 00:19:38,640 not only looking around looking at the 340 00:19:42,310 --> 00:19:39,600 geology 341 00:19:44,789 --> 00:19:42,320 but really turning our rower into a 342 00:19:48,390 --> 00:19:44,799 robotic geologist and astrobiologist 343 00:19:50,470 --> 00:19:48,400 collecting samples that we will bring 344 00:19:52,549 --> 00:19:50,480 back to earth and for us of course those 345 00:19:54,630 --> 00:19:52,559 are where the best laboratories are 346 00:19:56,630 --> 00:19:54,640 of all of humanity some of them still 347 00:19:57,350 --> 00:19:56,640 remain to be explored by some that are 348 00:19:59,830 --> 00:19:57,360 not yet 349 00:20:01,510 --> 00:19:59,840 in the science community yet and that's 350 00:20:02,789 --> 00:20:01,520 what we're looking forward to it's that 351 00:20:04,870 --> 00:20:02,799 new face the other 352 00:20:06,710 --> 00:20:04,880 element that i want to talk about is the 353 00:20:08,789 --> 00:20:06,720 amazing technologies that are there and 354 00:20:11,430 --> 00:20:08,799 of course one of my favorites is the 355 00:20:13,510 --> 00:20:11,440 ingenuity helicopter this in search of 356 00:20:14,470 --> 00:20:13,520 this extraterrestrial wright brothers 357 00:20:16,630 --> 00:20:14,480 moment you know 358 00:20:18,470 --> 00:20:16,640 controlled flight for the first time 359 00:20:21,590 --> 00:20:18,480 elsewhere raquel 360 00:20:25,190 --> 00:20:21,600 great and we have a student question on 361 00:20:28,549 --> 00:20:25,200 video for you from macy 362 00:20:31,669 --> 00:20:28,559 hi my name is macy ragsdale my question 363 00:20:35,430 --> 00:20:31,679 is is anything alive on mars 364 00:20:36,950 --> 00:20:35,440 thank you well amazing i'm so glad 365 00:20:39,350 --> 00:20:36,960 for your question that's a question i 366 00:20:39,990 --> 00:20:39,360 ask myself is anything alive there and 367 00:20:41,750 --> 00:20:40,000 frankly 368 00:20:43,750 --> 00:20:41,760 at the surface where we're going right 369 00:20:47,190 --> 00:20:43,760 now with uh perseverance 370 00:20:48,789 --> 00:20:47,200 we do not believe there's anything alive 371 00:20:50,470 --> 00:20:48,799 right there because of the radiation 372 00:20:52,390 --> 00:20:50,480 that's there it's chilling cold and 373 00:20:53,270 --> 00:20:52,400 there's really no water there but guess 374 00:20:56,070 --> 00:20:53,280 what 375 00:20:56,630 --> 00:20:56,080 we think that three billion years ago 376 00:20:58,710 --> 00:20:56,640 this 377 00:21:01,029 --> 00:20:58,720 looked like a stream that you may see on 378 00:21:02,870 --> 00:21:01,039 earth and frankly a lot more similar 379 00:21:04,390 --> 00:21:02,880 than earth with water with a magnetic 380 00:21:07,669 --> 00:21:04,400 field just like the earth with an 381 00:21:09,510 --> 00:21:07,679 atmosphere and the question was 382 00:21:10,789 --> 00:21:09,520 at that time three billion years ago 383 00:21:12,789 --> 00:21:10,799 were there 384 00:21:14,549 --> 00:21:12,799 single cell organisms just of the type 385 00:21:16,870 --> 00:21:14,559 that developed on earth so 386 00:21:18,470 --> 00:21:16,880 is there life on on mars overall we 387 00:21:19,830 --> 00:21:18,480 don't know but where we're going right 388 00:21:21,510 --> 00:21:19,840 now we're really looking for 389 00:21:23,590 --> 00:21:21,520 ancient life and that's what we're so 390 00:21:26,070 --> 00:21:23,600 excited about 391 00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:26,080 thank you for your time today thomas and 392 00:21:29,029 --> 00:21:26,720 thanks to 393 00:21:30,710 --> 00:21:29,039 everyone who has been using the hashtag 394 00:21:33,110 --> 00:21:30,720 countdown to mars 395 00:21:36,310 --> 00:21:33,120 here are some of the photos that you've 396 00:21:39,750 --> 00:21:36,320 sent in so far let's take a look 397 00:21:45,830 --> 00:21:39,760 now please keep sharing with us how 398 00:21:48,630 --> 00:21:45,840 you are watching this moment today 399 00:21:50,630 --> 00:21:48,640 for now let's go back to swati for an 400 00:21:53,430 --> 00:21:50,640 important update to what's going on 401 00:21:55,669 --> 00:21:53,440 in mission control as we get closer to 402 00:21:58,390 --> 00:21:55,679 another milestone 403 00:21:59,909 --> 00:21:58,400 hi raquel this next milestone is a 404 00:22:02,789 --> 00:21:59,919 communications poll 405 00:22:03,750 --> 00:22:02,799 so during landing not only will 406 00:22:06,870 --> 00:22:03,760 perseverance 407 00:22:08,789 --> 00:22:06,880 talk directly to earth but we'll also be 408 00:22:09,750 --> 00:22:08,799 talking to two spacecraft that are 409 00:22:12,070 --> 00:22:09,760 currently 410 00:22:13,750 --> 00:22:12,080 orbiting mars the mars reconnaissance 411 00:22:16,789 --> 00:22:13,760 orbiter and the maven 412 00:22:17,909 --> 00:22:16,799 spacecraft this pole is to confirm with 413 00:22:20,230 --> 00:22:17,919 the mars reconnaissance 414 00:22:21,669 --> 00:22:20,240 orbiter spacecraft and the maven 415 00:22:24,789 --> 00:22:21,679 spacecraft teams that they are 416 00:22:26,070 --> 00:22:24,799 ready and on track to support the relay 417 00:22:53,510 --> 00:22:26,080 from perseverance 418 00:22:57,830 --> 00:22:55,510 have you performed the comm check and 419 00:22:59,430 --> 00:22:57,840 readiness of the orbiters 420 00:23:01,590 --> 00:22:59,440 we have performed the voice check and 421 00:23:04,630 --> 00:23:01,600 the readiness poll and can confirm that 422 00:23:06,149 --> 00:23:04,640 mro maven uh eda radio science one and 423 00:23:10,230 --> 00:23:06,159 two uhf dte 424 00:23:18,310 --> 00:23:10,240 dsn and edl gds are all ready to support 425 00:23:23,430 --> 00:23:21,510 so we've just heard that we have 426 00:23:24,870 --> 00:23:23,440 uh confirmation from each of the 427 00:23:26,390 --> 00:23:24,880 different orbiters and 428 00:23:28,310 --> 00:23:26,400 all of their support equipment on the 429 00:23:31,270 --> 00:23:28,320 ground that they are ready 430 00:23:34,870 --> 00:23:31,280 and uh are on track to support the relay 431 00:23:39,190 --> 00:23:37,510 great thank you swati and we just heard 432 00:23:41,190 --> 00:23:39,200 that communications readiness poll which 433 00:23:44,310 --> 00:23:41,200 means we are ready to relay the data 434 00:23:46,789 --> 00:23:44,320 perseverance will send to get a better 435 00:23:48,070 --> 00:23:46,799 idea of what the rover looks like as it 436 00:23:51,350 --> 00:23:48,080 approaches mars 437 00:23:54,070 --> 00:23:51,360 we have a nasa program called eyes 438 00:23:55,669 --> 00:23:54,080 the visualization lets anyone watching 439 00:23:59,269 --> 00:23:55,679 track perseverance 440 00:24:02,549 --> 00:24:01,029 follow perseverance on its journey to 441 00:24:05,350 --> 00:24:02,559 the surface of the red planet 442 00:24:08,430 --> 00:24:05,360 with eyes on the solar system from your 443 00:24:09,909 --> 00:24:08,440 desktop or mobile device go to 444 00:24:12,230 --> 00:24:09,919 eyes.nasa.gov 445 00:24:14,310 --> 00:24:12,240 click on the banner and now you're with 446 00:24:17,350 --> 00:24:14,320 perseverance in real time 447 00:24:20,470 --> 00:24:17,360 through every step of edl entry 448 00:24:21,350 --> 00:24:20,480 descent and landing this interactive 449 00:24:23,110 --> 00:24:21,360 experience 450 00:24:24,870 --> 00:24:23,120 lets you ride along from whatever 451 00:24:28,630 --> 00:24:24,880 perspective you choose 452 00:24:29,909 --> 00:24:28,640 click and drag scroll in scroll out 453 00:24:32,310 --> 00:24:29,919 check out the descriptions and 454 00:24:34,149 --> 00:24:32,320 explanations to increase your edl 455 00:24:36,310 --> 00:24:34,159 expertise 456 00:24:37,350 --> 00:24:36,320 experience every entry descent and 457 00:24:39,990 --> 00:24:37,360 landing event 458 00:24:42,789 --> 00:24:40,000 precisely designed and executed to land 459 00:24:44,630 --> 00:24:42,799 perseverance safely on mars 460 00:24:46,710 --> 00:24:44,640 the i's experience is based on 461 00:24:47,350 --> 00:24:46,720 predictive data but during this 462 00:24:49,430 --> 00:24:47,360 broadcast 463 00:24:50,630 --> 00:24:49,440 you'll see a different visualization 464 00:24:52,870 --> 00:24:50,640 called ranger 465 00:24:54,870 --> 00:24:52,880 and it's based on the real communication 466 00:24:57,909 --> 00:24:54,880 the team and mission control receives 467 00:25:00,070 --> 00:24:57,919 from perseverance in near real time 468 00:25:02,549 --> 00:25:00,080 this is the visualization the team will 469 00:25:04,710 --> 00:25:02,559 follow as data fills their screens while 470 00:25:07,110 --> 00:25:04,720 monitoring the health of perseverance 471 00:25:09,269 --> 00:25:07,120 on its nerve-racking course to another 472 00:25:19,269 --> 00:25:09,279 successful mars landing 473 00:25:22,549 --> 00:25:21,510 you are watching live mars landing 474 00:25:29,510 --> 00:25:22,559 commentary 475 00:25:31,750 --> 00:25:29,520 stepping out 476 00:25:32,870 --> 00:25:31,760 you are watching live mars landing 477 00:25:34,789 --> 00:25:32,880 commentary 478 00:25:36,470 --> 00:25:34,799 stepping outside mission control to talk 479 00:25:39,590 --> 00:25:36,480 to us is perseverance 480 00:25:40,950 --> 00:25:39,600 system engineer matt smith thanks for 481 00:25:43,190 --> 00:25:40,960 joining us today matt 482 00:25:45,029 --> 00:25:43,200 hey raquel well coming from mission 483 00:25:46,470 --> 00:25:45,039 control we are going to hear terms 484 00:25:48,390 --> 00:25:46,480 related to landing 485 00:25:49,750 --> 00:25:48,400 can you help us understand what some of 486 00:25:51,590 --> 00:25:49,760 them mean sure 487 00:25:53,750 --> 00:25:51,600 definitely um one thing you'll hear a 488 00:25:54,710 --> 00:25:53,760 lot about is telemetry so telemetry is 489 00:25:56,070 --> 00:25:54,720 just our way of 490 00:25:57,750 --> 00:25:56,080 talking about data that's coming from 491 00:25:58,549 --> 00:25:57,760 the spacecraft and telling us important 492 00:26:00,789 --> 00:25:58,559 things like 493 00:26:02,390 --> 00:26:00,799 temperatures on the vehicle pressure how 494 00:26:03,110 --> 00:26:02,400 much fuel we have left and other things 495 00:26:05,590 --> 00:26:03,120 that we need to 496 00:26:06,789 --> 00:26:05,600 understand for the health and safety of 497 00:26:08,630 --> 00:26:06,799 the vehicle 498 00:26:09,990 --> 00:26:08,640 you'll also hear the word nominal 499 00:26:12,070 --> 00:26:10,000 hopefully nominal 500 00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:12,080 means everything is expected everything 501 00:26:16,390 --> 00:26:13,440 is okay 502 00:26:16,870 --> 00:26:16,400 we're good to go you'll hear also a lot 503 00:26:19,590 --> 00:26:16,880 about 504 00:26:20,789 --> 00:26:19,600 velocity and deceleration so velocity is 505 00:26:22,870 --> 00:26:20,799 just our speed 506 00:26:24,070 --> 00:26:22,880 combined with the direction we're going 507 00:26:25,990 --> 00:26:24,080 and deceleration 508 00:26:27,269 --> 00:26:26,000 is our slowing velocity so we're coming 509 00:26:29,590 --> 00:26:27,279 in at over 2 510 00:26:30,310 --> 00:26:29,600 12 000 miles per hour and we're going to 511 00:26:32,230 --> 00:26:30,320 slow down 512 00:26:33,350 --> 00:26:32,240 to a nice comfortable 2 miles per hour 513 00:26:35,990 --> 00:26:33,360 at landing 514 00:26:36,630 --> 00:26:36,000 and that's our deceleration speaking of 515 00:26:39,029 --> 00:26:36,640 landing 516 00:26:40,549 --> 00:26:39,039 you may hear a couple important terms at 517 00:26:43,190 --> 00:26:40,559 landing itself 518 00:26:43,669 --> 00:26:43,200 one is remu stable so the remu is a 519 00:26:45,350 --> 00:26:43,679 device 520 00:26:47,350 --> 00:26:45,360 on the rover that measures the rover's 521 00:26:49,750 --> 00:26:47,360 orientation and whether it's moving 522 00:26:51,669 --> 00:26:49,760 so we want a nice stable landing spot 523 00:26:55,590 --> 00:26:51,679 without any motion 524 00:26:57,830 --> 00:26:55,600 you'll also hear uhf stable hopefully 525 00:26:59,990 --> 00:26:57,840 uhf stable refers to good 526 00:27:01,669 --> 00:27:00,000 telecommunications link with the rover 527 00:27:03,110 --> 00:27:01,679 and indicates that we've had a good 528 00:27:05,190 --> 00:27:03,120 separation between 529 00:27:07,029 --> 00:27:05,200 the descent stage and the rover after 530 00:27:09,430 --> 00:27:07,039 the sky crane maneuver 531 00:27:10,070 --> 00:27:09,440 finally you may also hear tango delta 532 00:27:14,149 --> 00:27:10,080 nominal 533 00:27:16,870 --> 00:27:14,159 touched down on the surface of mars 534 00:27:18,389 --> 00:27:16,880 within the expected range of safe 535 00:27:20,630 --> 00:27:18,399 landing speeds 536 00:27:21,590 --> 00:27:20,640 thanks for that breakdown now this is 537 00:27:23,590 --> 00:27:21,600 your first 538 00:27:25,350 --> 00:27:23,600 mars mission what have you learned from 539 00:27:27,269 --> 00:27:25,360 this experience 540 00:27:28,630 --> 00:27:27,279 yeah one of my takeaways is that you can 541 00:27:30,230 --> 00:27:28,640 almost never be too careful when it 542 00:27:31,830 --> 00:27:30,240 comes to mars you definitely can't 543 00:27:33,350 --> 00:27:31,840 take mars for granted you know we've 544 00:27:34,549 --> 00:27:33,360 checked and double checked and triple 545 00:27:37,029 --> 00:27:34,559 checked everything 546 00:27:38,549 --> 00:27:37,039 on our way to mars and um you know even 547 00:27:41,350 --> 00:27:38,559 though we've done this once before 548 00:27:42,870 --> 00:27:41,360 using the uh sky crane technique on the 549 00:27:45,110 --> 00:27:42,880 curiosity rover 550 00:27:46,310 --> 00:27:45,120 um you know i think everyone's gonna 551 00:27:47,590 --> 00:27:46,320 have their uh 552 00:27:48,789 --> 00:27:47,600 everyone's gonna hold their breath until 553 00:27:50,149 --> 00:27:48,799 we're on the surface of mars this time 554 00:27:52,149 --> 00:27:50,159 around 555 00:27:54,389 --> 00:27:52,159 and we have a social media question 556 00:27:57,110 --> 00:27:54,399 coming in nor the door on instagram 557 00:27:58,070 --> 00:27:57,120 asks how complicated is the automated 558 00:28:00,549 --> 00:27:58,080 landing sequence 559 00:28:01,990 --> 00:28:00,559 and who wrote the code yeah it's quite 560 00:28:04,710 --> 00:28:02,000 complicated uh the automated 561 00:28:06,230 --> 00:28:04,720 landing software needs to do literally 562 00:28:08,230 --> 00:28:06,240 hundreds of things 563 00:28:10,549 --> 00:28:08,240 all on its own just right with 564 00:28:13,029 --> 00:28:10,559 sub-second timing accuracy 565 00:28:13,750 --> 00:28:13,039 and it's the result of many hundreds of 566 00:28:15,110 --> 00:28:13,760 people 567 00:28:17,029 --> 00:28:15,120 over many years stretching all the way 568 00:28:19,029 --> 00:28:17,039 back to curiosity and then 569 00:28:21,350 --> 00:28:19,039 improved for the perseverance landing 570 00:28:23,029 --> 00:28:21,360 today at jezreel crater 571 00:28:25,350 --> 00:28:23,039 great thanks for your time today matt 572 00:28:28,549 --> 00:28:25,360 and good luck thanks 573 00:28:29,990 --> 00:28:28,559 now landing on mars is hard landing on 574 00:28:32,149 --> 00:28:30,000 mars during a pandemic is 575 00:28:34,070 --> 00:28:32,159 even harder the team behind the 576 00:28:36,549 --> 00:28:34,080 perseverance rover faced one of its 577 00:28:37,909 --> 00:28:36,559 biggest challenges when the coronavirus 578 00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:37,919 pandemic struck 579 00:28:48,389 --> 00:28:44,810 here's how they kept the mission going 580 00:28:51,990 --> 00:28:48,399 [Music] 581 00:28:53,830 --> 00:28:52,000 when the pandemic struck the future was 582 00:28:55,750 --> 00:28:53,840 certainly unknown it was like walking 583 00:28:57,510 --> 00:28:55,760 into a blind dark alley you didn't know 584 00:29:01,110 --> 00:28:57,520 what was there what was in front of you 585 00:29:04,870 --> 00:29:03,110 it's something that nobody expected it's 586 00:29:06,789 --> 00:29:04,880 something nobody could plan for 587 00:29:08,549 --> 00:29:06,799 we all were asked to start working from 588 00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:08,559 home rather than your first priority 589 00:29:12,149 --> 00:29:09,120 being 590 00:29:13,029 --> 00:29:12,159 mission success and and getting to the 591 00:29:14,549 --> 00:29:13,039 launch pad 592 00:29:16,310 --> 00:29:14,559 your first priority immediately gets 593 00:29:18,310 --> 00:29:16,320 displaced and it's now 594 00:29:19,830 --> 00:29:18,320 the safety of the people and it took a 595 00:29:20,630 --> 00:29:19,840 lot of work to put stuff together in 596 00:29:22,630 --> 00:29:20,640 order to 597 00:29:24,870 --> 00:29:22,640 keep momentum going to keep people 598 00:29:26,310 --> 00:29:24,880 working safely keep them healthy and to 599 00:29:28,230 --> 00:29:26,320 keep the project 600 00:29:29,830 --> 00:29:28,240 on schedule we called the effort march 601 00:29:32,950 --> 00:29:29,840 2020 safe at work 602 00:29:36,149 --> 00:29:32,960 and the objective was to keep the team 603 00:29:37,909 --> 00:29:36,159 as safe or safer than they would be 604 00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:37,919 if they were not working you know 605 00:29:40,789 --> 00:29:39,360 putting a spacecraft together that's 606 00:29:43,110 --> 00:29:40,799 going to mars 607 00:29:44,549 --> 00:29:43,120 and not making a mistake it's hard no 608 00:29:45,830 --> 00:29:44,559 matter what 609 00:29:49,510 --> 00:29:45,840 trying to do it during the middle of the 610 00:29:52,789 --> 00:29:49,520 pandemic it's it's a lot harder 611 00:29:53,750 --> 00:29:52,799 and liftoff as the countdown to mars 612 00:29:55,669 --> 00:29:53,760 continues 613 00:29:57,750 --> 00:29:55,679 the perseverance of humanity launching 614 00:29:59,510 --> 00:29:57,760 the next generation of robotic explorers 615 00:30:01,029 --> 00:29:59,520 to the red planet 616 00:30:02,710 --> 00:30:01,039 certainly never done something like this 617 00:30:04,310 --> 00:30:02,720 before try to lead a team that's flying 618 00:30:06,070 --> 00:30:04,320 a spacecraft on the way to mars 619 00:30:08,549 --> 00:30:06,080 while getting ready for landing while 620 00:30:12,389 --> 00:30:08,559 doing it all from home there's no doubt 621 00:30:15,590 --> 00:30:12,399 that working in isolation 622 00:30:17,510 --> 00:30:15,600 not virtual isolation but in physical 623 00:30:20,710 --> 00:30:17,520 isolation from everyone else 624 00:30:23,990 --> 00:30:20,720 is a challenge we had to 625 00:30:27,350 --> 00:30:24,000 rethink and redesign what it meant to 626 00:30:29,909 --> 00:30:27,360 operate a spacecraft in 627 00:30:32,070 --> 00:30:29,919 flight when we couldn't all be in the 628 00:30:34,149 --> 00:30:32,080 same room in mission control 629 00:30:35,110 --> 00:30:34,159 seeing the data come down from 630 00:30:36,950 --> 00:30:35,120 perseverance 631 00:30:38,789 --> 00:30:36,960 it was a major change going to that you 632 00:30:39,990 --> 00:30:38,799 know looking at everyone on a screen 633 00:30:42,630 --> 00:30:40,000 instead of in person 634 00:30:44,710 --> 00:30:42,640 because of the pandemic you can't uh you 635 00:30:46,230 --> 00:30:44,720 know just pop over your cubicle wall and 636 00:30:47,269 --> 00:30:46,240 talk to the person next to you 637 00:30:49,350 --> 00:30:47,279 it's definitely been a challenge to 638 00:30:50,389 --> 00:30:49,360 figure out how to communicate and get 639 00:30:52,389 --> 00:30:50,399 everything done 640 00:30:53,669 --> 00:30:52,399 remotely but we've managed to make it 641 00:30:56,710 --> 00:30:53,679 work we are 642 00:30:59,430 --> 00:30:56,720 explorers our job is to go 643 00:31:00,630 --> 00:30:59,440 into the unknown and this is just 644 00:31:03,830 --> 00:31:00,640 another example 645 00:31:04,630 --> 00:31:03,840 of the unknown we're really doing 646 00:31:06,710 --> 00:31:04,640 something 647 00:31:07,909 --> 00:31:06,720 that's transformative and trying to 648 00:31:10,070 --> 00:31:07,919 understand whether or not 649 00:31:11,909 --> 00:31:10,080 life evolved on another planet that's 650 00:31:12,710 --> 00:31:11,919 the fundamental objective of this 651 00:31:15,190 --> 00:31:12,720 mission 652 00:31:15,909 --> 00:31:15,200 we're all still connected by this 653 00:31:18,149 --> 00:31:15,919 incredible 654 00:31:19,509 --> 00:31:18,159 mission and this this wonderful team 655 00:31:20,630 --> 00:31:19,519 that we have the opportunity to be a 656 00:31:23,430 --> 00:31:20,640 part of so 657 00:31:25,190 --> 00:31:23,440 that keeps at least me going pretty much 658 00:31:27,430 --> 00:31:25,200 everybody that i've talked to 659 00:31:28,789 --> 00:31:27,440 that's associated with the mission has 660 00:31:30,630 --> 00:31:28,799 has said the same thing 661 00:31:33,350 --> 00:31:30,640 which is you could not have come up with 662 00:31:35,750 --> 00:31:33,360 a better name than perseverance 663 00:31:36,630 --> 00:31:35,760 it's an amazing serendipity that we get 664 00:31:47,740 --> 00:31:36,640 to persevere 665 00:31:59,990 --> 00:31:47,750 through working on perseverance 666 00:32:03,509 --> 00:32:02,470 joining us now is perseverance deputy 667 00:32:07,110 --> 00:32:03,519 project manager 668 00:32:08,070 --> 00:32:07,120 matt wallace matt just how ambitious is 669 00:32:10,149 --> 00:32:08,080 this mission 670 00:32:11,190 --> 00:32:10,159 and how was the perseverance team able 671 00:32:13,350 --> 00:32:11,200 to stay on track 672 00:32:15,269 --> 00:32:13,360 with unexpected challenges like the 673 00:32:17,990 --> 00:32:15,279 pandemic 674 00:32:19,430 --> 00:32:18,000 well it's a very ambitious mission you 675 00:32:22,950 --> 00:32:19,440 know we're carrying not only 676 00:32:25,830 --> 00:32:22,960 a host of new uh extremely capable 677 00:32:27,590 --> 00:32:25,840 science instruments to do that that 678 00:32:28,549 --> 00:32:27,600 science mission that we've talked about 679 00:32:31,029 --> 00:32:28,559 but also 680 00:32:32,789 --> 00:32:31,039 a number of technology experiments will 681 00:32:35,590 --> 00:32:32,799 provide feed forward 682 00:32:37,669 --> 00:32:35,600 information into the next set of robotic 683 00:32:38,870 --> 00:32:37,679 explorers or even human exploration of 684 00:32:41,110 --> 00:32:38,880 mars 685 00:32:42,789 --> 00:32:41,120 so there's a lot for us to do we look a 686 00:32:43,269 --> 00:32:42,799 lot like curiosity but in fact we're 687 00:32:46,310 --> 00:32:43,279 carrying 688 00:32:47,990 --> 00:32:46,320 50 percent more payload down to the 689 00:32:51,029 --> 00:32:48,000 surface of mars 690 00:32:53,110 --> 00:32:51,039 and so it is a it's been a big challenge 691 00:32:54,950 --> 00:32:53,120 um you know and it was particularly 692 00:32:57,750 --> 00:32:54,960 challenging when the pandemic 693 00:33:00,389 --> 00:32:57,760 struck it came at a critical time in our 694 00:33:03,190 --> 00:33:00,399 processing we were just months away 695 00:33:04,870 --> 00:33:03,200 from launching we were trying to 696 00:33:06,950 --> 00:33:04,880 essentially 697 00:33:08,070 --> 00:33:06,960 get the spacecraft assembled and do the 698 00:33:10,230 --> 00:33:08,080 final tests 699 00:33:11,190 --> 00:33:10,240 we did not have a lot of margin in our 700 00:33:14,310 --> 00:33:11,200 schedule 701 00:33:15,029 --> 00:33:14,320 and our focus just entirely shifted from 702 00:33:17,269 --> 00:33:15,039 that 703 00:33:19,669 --> 00:33:17,279 to keeping the team safe and keeping 704 00:33:21,350 --> 00:33:19,679 their families safe 705 00:33:23,430 --> 00:33:21,360 and we had to do that quickly we had to 706 00:33:25,350 --> 00:33:23,440 make that adjustment quickly 707 00:33:26,710 --> 00:33:25,360 i think uh you know we got through it 708 00:33:27,430 --> 00:33:26,720 with a lot of help a lot of people 709 00:33:29,269 --> 00:33:27,440 stepped up 710 00:33:30,470 --> 00:33:29,279 uh to make it happen the team was 711 00:33:32,389 --> 00:33:30,480 tenacious 712 00:33:35,190 --> 00:33:32,399 uh and we managed to get it launched and 713 00:33:37,269 --> 00:33:35,200 and fly it to mars it's 714 00:33:38,950 --> 00:33:37,279 you know thanks to a lot of help and 715 00:33:42,149 --> 00:33:38,960 matt just how large 716 00:33:45,110 --> 00:33:42,159 is the team that worked on perseverance 717 00:33:46,789 --> 00:33:45,120 it's a big team a couple thousand people 718 00:33:49,990 --> 00:33:46,799 here just at jpl 719 00:33:53,029 --> 00:33:50,000 in fact have worked on on this mission 720 00:33:54,070 --> 00:33:53,039 and then almost every other nasa center 721 00:33:56,789 --> 00:33:54,080 has contributed 722 00:33:57,750 --> 00:33:56,799 in some significant and critical way as 723 00:34:01,110 --> 00:33:57,760 well 724 00:34:02,870 --> 00:34:01,120 uh we have um over a thousand 725 00:34:05,430 --> 00:34:02,880 industry partners that have provided 726 00:34:08,869 --> 00:34:05,440 hardware into this mission from 727 00:34:10,310 --> 00:34:08,879 44 different states 560 different cities 728 00:34:12,230 --> 00:34:10,320 and of course we have international 729 00:34:14,230 --> 00:34:12,240 contributions from europe 730 00:34:15,270 --> 00:34:14,240 and many other international providers 731 00:34:17,909 --> 00:34:15,280 as well so 732 00:34:19,030 --> 00:34:17,919 it's a it's a big team it's taken a lot 733 00:34:22,149 --> 00:34:19,040 of people to get us 734 00:34:24,550 --> 00:34:22,159 to where we're at that is a big team 735 00:34:25,510 --> 00:34:24,560 this is the most difficult landing site 736 00:34:27,190 --> 00:34:25,520 ever attempted 737 00:34:30,550 --> 00:34:27,200 now why do you think perseverance is 738 00:34:32,470 --> 00:34:30,560 ready to land in jezreel crater now 739 00:34:34,310 --> 00:34:32,480 jezreel is tough i mean it's 740 00:34:35,829 --> 00:34:34,320 scientifically fascinating 741 00:34:38,790 --> 00:34:35,839 because it's got a lot of things like 742 00:34:41,669 --> 00:34:38,800 craters and uh 743 00:34:42,550 --> 00:34:41,679 you know rock fields and cliffs and sand 744 00:34:44,550 --> 00:34:42,560 dunes and 745 00:34:46,389 --> 00:34:44,560 that sort of thing which are great for 746 00:34:47,990 --> 00:34:46,399 the science community that's exactly the 747 00:34:50,310 --> 00:34:48,000 type of features they're looking for 748 00:34:52,069 --> 00:34:50,320 to learn more about mars but they're all 749 00:34:54,470 --> 00:34:52,079 any hazards for us 750 00:34:55,349 --> 00:34:54,480 and so we've had to add some new 751 00:34:57,270 --> 00:34:55,359 technology 752 00:34:59,109 --> 00:34:57,280 uh terrain relative navigation which is 753 00:35:00,470 --> 00:34:59,119 the ability essentially to divert away 754 00:35:03,030 --> 00:35:00,480 from hazards 755 00:35:03,510 --> 00:35:03,040 uh and but we have taken this system 756 00:35:05,510 --> 00:35:03,520 through 757 00:35:07,750 --> 00:35:05,520 the same types of paces that we have on 758 00:35:11,109 --> 00:35:07,760 previous missions we've used the same 759 00:35:13,109 --> 00:35:11,119 techniques the same uh best practices 760 00:35:15,270 --> 00:35:13,119 for engineering verification 761 00:35:16,870 --> 00:35:15,280 and in many cases we've used the same 762 00:35:19,109 --> 00:35:16,880 people this in fact is my 763 00:35:20,390 --> 00:35:19,119 my fifth mars rover mission and i'm not 764 00:35:21,990 --> 00:35:20,400 alone there's other people on the 765 00:35:25,430 --> 00:35:22,000 project in the same 766 00:35:26,230 --> 00:35:25,440 in the same situation so um you know the 767 00:35:29,430 --> 00:35:26,240 team has 768 00:35:32,069 --> 00:35:29,440 given it everything they've gotten to 769 00:35:33,430 --> 00:35:32,079 put it all put it all out there and uh 770 00:35:34,470 --> 00:35:33,440 to make this successful and i think 771 00:35:36,069 --> 00:35:34,480 we're ready 772 00:35:38,150 --> 00:35:36,079 thanks matt and good luck on your fifth 773 00:35:40,550 --> 00:35:38,160 mission thank you very much 774 00:35:43,030 --> 00:35:40,560 well jezreel crater is a location on 775 00:35:43,990 --> 00:35:43,040 mars that has intrigued scientists for 776 00:35:45,829 --> 00:35:44,000 years 777 00:35:47,430 --> 00:35:45,839 let's head over to marina to learn more 778 00:35:51,349 --> 00:35:47,440 about the science goals 779 00:35:53,990 --> 00:35:51,359 of the mission that's right raquel 780 00:35:55,910 --> 00:35:54,000 here to explain why we want to go there 781 00:35:59,990 --> 00:35:55,920 is deputy project scientist 782 00:36:02,069 --> 00:36:00,000 katie stack morgan welcome katie 783 00:36:03,990 --> 00:36:02,079 thanks marina glad to be here now 784 00:36:06,950 --> 00:36:04,000 perseverance is landing on mars 785 00:36:10,630 --> 00:36:06,960 at the jezero crater why is it that you 786 00:36:12,630 --> 00:36:10,640 and the team chose this particular area 787 00:36:14,870 --> 00:36:12,640 yeah so scientists believe that jezreel 788 00:36:17,270 --> 00:36:14,880 crater is one of the best places on mars 789 00:36:19,349 --> 00:36:17,280 and possibly the entire solar system 790 00:36:21,510 --> 00:36:19,359 to look for signs of ancient life 791 00:36:22,950 --> 00:36:21,520 jezreel contained an ancient lake 792 00:36:25,190 --> 00:36:22,960 and has within it one of the best 793 00:36:27,589 --> 00:36:25,200 preserved ancient delta deposits 794 00:36:29,510 --> 00:36:27,599 in on the surface of mars in delta's 795 00:36:30,630 --> 00:36:29,520 form when a river enters a relatively 796 00:36:33,030 --> 00:36:30,640 open body of water 797 00:36:34,310 --> 00:36:33,040 like an impact crater and deposits the 798 00:36:36,310 --> 00:36:34,320 sediment that it's carrying 799 00:36:37,990 --> 00:36:36,320 into the lake and we know based on 800 00:36:39,349 --> 00:36:38,000 studies of deltas and lakes here on 801 00:36:40,230 --> 00:36:39,359 earth that they're great places to 802 00:36:41,910 --> 00:36:40,240 concentrate 803 00:36:43,829 --> 00:36:41,920 and preserve organics and support 804 00:36:45,349 --> 00:36:43,839 microbial life we're also excited 805 00:36:48,630 --> 00:36:45,359 because jezreel 806 00:36:50,230 --> 00:36:48,640 exposes rocks that are between three and 807 00:36:51,829 --> 00:36:50,240 a half to more than four billion years 808 00:36:54,390 --> 00:36:51,839 old and represent a variety of different 809 00:36:56,310 --> 00:36:54,400 geological processes 810 00:36:57,750 --> 00:36:56,320 now this might be a tough choice but 811 00:37:00,150 --> 00:36:57,760 what do you think would be the most 812 00:37:03,270 --> 00:37:00,160 rewarding scientific discovery that we 813 00:37:05,270 --> 00:37:03,280 expect to get from this mission 814 00:37:07,109 --> 00:37:05,280 it's hands down i think the most 815 00:37:08,710 --> 00:37:07,119 rewarding discovery i think we can make 816 00:37:10,069 --> 00:37:08,720 with perseverance would be finding a 817 00:37:12,550 --> 00:37:10,079 truly compelling 818 00:37:14,310 --> 00:37:12,560 ancient bio signature on mars the rocks 819 00:37:16,069 --> 00:37:14,320 in and around jezreel crater record a 820 00:37:17,030 --> 00:37:16,079 period of time when life first arose in 821 00:37:18,470 --> 00:37:17,040 the solar system 822 00:37:20,550 --> 00:37:18,480 and we have the opportunity with 823 00:37:21,109 --> 00:37:20,560 perseverance to study the evolution of a 824 00:37:22,870 --> 00:37:21,119 planet 825 00:37:24,790 --> 00:37:22,880 from a once habitable world likely 826 00:37:26,790 --> 00:37:24,800 capable of supporting ancient life 827 00:37:28,790 --> 00:37:26,800 to the cold barren planet we know mars 828 00:37:30,710 --> 00:37:28,800 is today 829 00:37:33,190 --> 00:37:30,720 and why do you think katie it's so 830 00:37:37,270 --> 00:37:33,200 important to find out if there really 831 00:37:38,550 --> 00:37:37,280 is or was ancient life on mars 832 00:37:40,390 --> 00:37:38,560 well the question of whether there's 833 00:37:42,390 --> 00:37:40,400 life beyond earth is one of the most 834 00:37:44,870 --> 00:37:42,400 fundamental and essential questions we 835 00:37:46,550 --> 00:37:44,880 can ask and our ability to ask this 836 00:37:48,790 --> 00:37:46,560 question and develop the scientific 837 00:37:49,190 --> 00:37:48,800 investigations and technology to answer 838 00:37:51,190 --> 00:37:49,200 it 839 00:37:52,630 --> 00:37:51,200 is one of the things that make us as a 840 00:37:54,310 --> 00:37:52,640 species so unique 841 00:37:56,550 --> 00:37:54,320 and based on everything we know about 842 00:37:58,230 --> 00:37:56,560 mars in the past it absolutely should 843 00:37:58,790 --> 00:37:58,240 have been capable of supporting ancient 844 00:38:00,390 --> 00:37:58,800 life 845 00:38:02,150 --> 00:38:00,400 so we can find out an answer to the 846 00:38:04,390 --> 00:38:02,160 question where there were habitable 847 00:38:05,990 --> 00:38:04,400 environments was their life and studying 848 00:38:07,910 --> 00:38:06,000 the possible emergence of life on 849 00:38:09,349 --> 00:38:07,920 ancient mars can also help us better 850 00:38:12,310 --> 00:38:09,359 understand the conditions that led to 851 00:38:14,230 --> 00:38:12,320 life on our own planet earth 852 00:38:16,069 --> 00:38:14,240 that's so fascinating katie and now 853 00:38:16,950 --> 00:38:16,079 we're going to take a question from a 854 00:38:19,990 --> 00:38:16,960 student 855 00:38:23,430 --> 00:38:20,000 vara hi 856 00:38:25,430 --> 00:38:23,440 i am vara and my question is why was 857 00:38:29,109 --> 00:38:25,440 mars able to sustain 858 00:38:31,190 --> 00:38:29,119 lakes and rivers ages ago but cannot now 859 00:38:32,710 --> 00:38:31,200 isn't it cold enough to make water and 860 00:38:35,910 --> 00:38:32,720 isn't it always 861 00:38:40,310 --> 00:38:38,310 yeah that is such a great question um 862 00:38:42,230 --> 00:38:40,320 and one of the things that protects our 863 00:38:43,990 --> 00:38:42,240 atmosphere here on earth and allows 864 00:38:45,510 --> 00:38:44,000 liquid water to be stable on our own 865 00:38:46,950 --> 00:38:45,520 planet is the fact that we have a 866 00:38:47,910 --> 00:38:46,960 magnetic field protecting that 867 00:38:49,829 --> 00:38:47,920 atmosphere 868 00:38:51,030 --> 00:38:49,839 we think that mars lost its magnetic 869 00:38:53,109 --> 00:38:51,040 field way back 870 00:38:55,270 --> 00:38:53,119 billions of years ago and left the 871 00:38:56,870 --> 00:38:55,280 atmosphere exposed to things like 872 00:38:58,790 --> 00:38:56,880 solar wind and cosmic rays that 873 00:39:00,710 --> 00:38:58,800 basically blew that atmosphere away 874 00:39:02,310 --> 00:39:00,720 and once that happened liquid water 875 00:39:03,990 --> 00:39:02,320 wasn't stable on the surface of mars 876 00:39:05,349 --> 00:39:04,000 anymore it was too cold and there and 877 00:39:07,349 --> 00:39:05,359 the pressure was too low 878 00:39:09,109 --> 00:39:07,359 and so now mars is not capable of 879 00:39:10,470 --> 00:39:09,119 supporting liquid water and likely not 880 00:39:11,990 --> 00:39:10,480 capable of supporting life at its 881 00:39:13,670 --> 00:39:12,000 surface 882 00:39:15,349 --> 00:39:13,680 well thank you so much to vara for that 883 00:39:16,950 --> 00:39:15,359 great question and a big shout out to 884 00:39:19,030 --> 00:39:16,960 all the kids that are watching 885 00:39:21,190 --> 00:39:19,040 out there today and thank you so much to 886 00:39:22,950 --> 00:39:21,200 you katie for joining us that was so 887 00:39:25,109 --> 00:39:22,960 great 888 00:39:26,870 --> 00:39:25,119 thank you now sending it back over to 889 00:39:29,109 --> 00:39:26,880 you raquel 890 00:39:31,349 --> 00:39:29,119 thanks marina earlier we were able to 891 00:39:31,990 --> 00:39:31,359 catch up with the communications systems 892 00:39:34,790 --> 00:39:32,000 engineer 893 00:39:36,069 --> 00:39:34,800 chloe sakier she helps us break down the 894 00:39:39,510 --> 00:39:36,079 system used to track 895 00:39:41,430 --> 00:39:39,520 perseverance during landing 896 00:39:43,270 --> 00:39:41,440 the communications infrastructure 897 00:39:46,150 --> 00:39:43,280 supporting perseverance's landing 898 00:39:47,910 --> 00:39:46,160 is quite complex we've rallied a truly 899 00:39:49,510 --> 00:39:47,920 global network of relay and 900 00:39:51,670 --> 00:39:49,520 communications assets 901 00:39:53,670 --> 00:39:51,680 to help us capture and record those 902 00:39:55,349 --> 00:39:53,680 precious minutes of entry descent and 903 00:39:57,190 --> 00:39:55,359 landing or edl 904 00:39:59,589 --> 00:39:57,200 we receive a stream of engineering 905 00:40:00,630 --> 00:39:59,599 telemetry via these communication assets 906 00:40:03,270 --> 00:40:00,640 that helps us see 907 00:40:05,030 --> 00:40:03,280 and understand exactly what's happening 908 00:40:07,670 --> 00:40:05,040 perseverance sends direct to earth 909 00:40:09,510 --> 00:40:07,680 x-band tones each of which provides us 910 00:40:10,870 --> 00:40:09,520 with indications of critical entry 911 00:40:13,109 --> 00:40:10,880 descent and landing events 912 00:40:15,109 --> 00:40:13,119 during entry descent and landing we have 913 00:40:16,470 --> 00:40:15,119 two mars orbiters listening for the 914 00:40:19,270 --> 00:40:16,480 ultra high frequency 915 00:40:20,950 --> 00:40:19,280 or uhf signals from perseverance these 916 00:40:23,270 --> 00:40:20,960 orbiters relay these signals 917 00:40:24,630 --> 00:40:23,280 to deep space network stations on earth 918 00:40:27,190 --> 00:40:24,640 madrid in spain 919 00:40:28,390 --> 00:40:27,200 and goldstone in california the mars 920 00:40:31,430 --> 00:40:28,400 reconnaissance orbiter 921 00:40:31,990 --> 00:40:31,440 or mro has reconfigured its software to 922 00:40:34,150 --> 00:40:32,000 perform 923 00:40:35,910 --> 00:40:34,160 a type of relay called bent pipe this 924 00:40:37,750 --> 00:40:35,920 will provide us with near real-time 925 00:40:38,390 --> 00:40:37,760 telemetry during entry descent and 926 00:40:39,829 --> 00:40:38,400 landing 927 00:40:41,990 --> 00:40:39,839 we have coverage from the mars 928 00:40:42,550 --> 00:40:42,000 reconnaissance orbiter from just before 929 00:40:44,550 --> 00:40:42,560 entry 930 00:40:45,910 --> 00:40:44,560 to a few minutes after landing the 931 00:40:47,670 --> 00:40:45,920 telemetry we receive 932 00:40:49,430 --> 00:40:47,680 will be delayed by the time it takes 933 00:40:51,990 --> 00:40:49,440 light to travel from mars 934 00:40:54,230 --> 00:40:52,000 to us back on earth additionally the 935 00:40:55,829 --> 00:40:54,240 mars atmosphere and volatile evolution 936 00:40:58,230 --> 00:40:55,839 spacecraft or maven 937 00:40:59,670 --> 00:40:58,240 is recording these uhf signals and will 938 00:41:01,910 --> 00:40:59,680 be relaying that recording 939 00:41:02,710 --> 00:41:01,920 hours after landing maven will be 940 00:41:04,309 --> 00:41:02,720 covering us 941 00:41:06,230 --> 00:41:04,319 from around the time of cruise stage 942 00:41:08,950 --> 00:41:06,240 separation until a few minutes 943 00:41:10,390 --> 00:41:08,960 after landing we also receive what we 944 00:41:11,589 --> 00:41:10,400 call heartbeat tones 945 00:41:13,670 --> 00:41:11,599 which are indications that the 946 00:41:15,670 --> 00:41:13,680 spacecraft is alive and progressing 947 00:41:17,670 --> 00:41:15,680 throughout entry descent and landing 948 00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:17,680 it's important to note that while 949 00:41:21,430 --> 00:41:19,520 unexpected we could lose our 950 00:41:22,309 --> 00:41:21,440 communication links and still land 951 00:41:23,990 --> 00:41:22,319 safely 952 00:41:25,349 --> 00:41:24,000 because perseverance is doing entry 953 00:41:26,309 --> 00:41:25,359 descent and landing completely 954 00:41:27,990 --> 00:41:26,319 autonomously 955 00:41:30,150 --> 00:41:28,000 she doesn't need our help to joystick 956 00:41:33,430 --> 00:41:30,160 the landing the communication links give 957 00:41:36,950 --> 00:41:35,510 and you can see chloe hard at work 958 00:41:40,150 --> 00:41:36,960 inside mission control 959 00:41:42,230 --> 00:41:40,160 right now perseverance's landing might 960 00:41:42,630 --> 00:41:42,240 look like the system the curiosity rover 961 00:41:46,069 --> 00:41:42,640 used 962 00:41:48,790 --> 00:41:46,079 back in 2012 but landing on mars 963 00:41:49,990 --> 00:41:48,800 is difficult there's always a risk 964 00:41:51,670 --> 00:41:50,000 involved 965 00:41:53,349 --> 00:41:51,680 here's what needs to happen for 966 00:41:56,470 --> 00:41:53,359 perseverance to touch down 967 00:41:57,750 --> 00:41:56,480 safely in jezreel crater 968 00:41:59,109 --> 00:41:57,760 nothing can be taken for granted when 969 00:42:00,230 --> 00:41:59,119 you get to mars there's a lot of things 970 00:42:02,710 --> 00:42:00,240 we just don't know 971 00:42:04,630 --> 00:42:02,720 space always has a way of throwing us 972 00:42:06,150 --> 00:42:04,640 curveballs and surprising us 973 00:42:08,069 --> 00:42:06,160 i mean until we get the data that says 974 00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:08,079 we're on the ground safely i'm gonna be 975 00:42:14,870 --> 00:42:12,870 [Music] 976 00:42:16,790 --> 00:42:14,880 entry descent and landing is often 977 00:42:17,990 --> 00:42:16,800 referred to as the seven minutes of 978 00:42:20,150 --> 00:42:18,000 terror 979 00:42:21,030 --> 00:42:20,160 because it takes about seven minutes to 980 00:42:23,589 --> 00:42:21,040 get from 981 00:42:24,470 --> 00:42:23,599 the top of the atmosphere of mars to the 982 00:42:27,270 --> 00:42:24,480 ground 983 00:42:27,589 --> 00:42:27,280 safely the spacecraft has to do all of 984 00:42:30,950 --> 00:42:27,599 this 985 00:42:32,710 --> 00:42:30,960 by itself there are many things that 986 00:42:34,870 --> 00:42:32,720 have to go right to get 987 00:42:36,230 --> 00:42:34,880 perseverance onto the ground safely 988 00:42:38,069 --> 00:42:36,240 there's a lot counting on this this is 989 00:42:41,109 --> 00:42:38,079 the first leg of our sample return relay 990 00:42:43,030 --> 00:42:41,119 race there's a lot of work on the line 991 00:42:44,550 --> 00:42:43,040 starting about 10 minutes before 992 00:42:46,950 --> 00:42:44,560 atmospheric entry we 993 00:42:48,790 --> 00:42:46,960 get rid of really the spacecraft part of 994 00:42:51,510 --> 00:42:48,800 of the rover that's been supporting us 995 00:42:52,390 --> 00:42:51,520 we come screaming in to the martian 996 00:42:55,829 --> 00:42:52,400 atmosphere 997 00:42:58,390 --> 00:42:55,839 at 12 to 13 000 miles per hour 998 00:43:00,710 --> 00:42:58,400 and the heat shield is what dissipates 999 00:43:02,069 --> 00:43:00,720 all that initial energy through friction 1000 00:43:03,430 --> 00:43:02,079 the vehicle will continue actually 1001 00:43:04,870 --> 00:43:03,440 flying itself through the atmosphere 1002 00:43:06,150 --> 00:43:04,880 it's sort of like a transforming 1003 00:43:07,430 --> 00:43:06,160 vehicle that went from spacecraft and 1004 00:43:08,710 --> 00:43:07,440 now it's kind of like an aircraft 1005 00:43:11,190 --> 00:43:08,720 actively guiding itself 1006 00:43:14,069 --> 00:43:11,200 when we're going slow enough we deploy a 1007 00:43:17,589 --> 00:43:15,670 the biggest supersonic parachute we've 1008 00:43:18,950 --> 00:43:17,599 ever sent to another planet 1009 00:43:20,710 --> 00:43:18,960 it's critical for slowing down the 1010 00:43:23,030 --> 00:43:20,720 vehicle 1011 00:43:25,109 --> 00:43:23,040 perseverances entry descent and landing 1012 00:43:28,069 --> 00:43:25,119 borrows heavily from that of 1013 00:43:28,470 --> 00:43:28,079 curiosity but fundamentally perseverance 1014 00:43:31,030 --> 00:43:28,480 is a 1015 00:43:32,150 --> 00:43:31,040 different rover she's bigger she has 1016 00:43:33,430 --> 00:43:32,160 different instruments 1017 00:43:35,349 --> 00:43:33,440 we've added a lot of smarts on the 1018 00:43:36,630 --> 00:43:35,359 inside to make it more capable 1019 00:43:38,309 --> 00:43:36,640 so that it can deal with the landing 1020 00:43:40,470 --> 00:43:38,319 site that we've given the science team 1021 00:43:42,150 --> 00:43:40,480 identified jezreel crater as 1022 00:43:44,309 --> 00:43:42,160 basically an ancient lake bed and one of 1023 00:43:46,069 --> 00:43:44,319 the most promising places to look for 1024 00:43:47,990 --> 00:43:46,079 evidence of ancient microbial life and 1025 00:43:48,950 --> 00:43:48,000 to collect samples for future return to 1026 00:43:50,390 --> 00:43:48,960 earth 1027 00:43:52,390 --> 00:43:50,400 the problem is it's a much more 1028 00:43:54,230 --> 00:43:52,400 hazardous place to land 1029 00:43:55,990 --> 00:43:54,240 you look at jezreel all you see is 1030 00:43:57,430 --> 00:43:56,000 danger how do we go to a site 1031 00:43:59,670 --> 00:43:57,440 that we never thought was safe enough to 1032 00:44:00,710 --> 00:43:59,680 go to before so the heat shield which 1033 00:44:02,309 --> 00:44:00,720 has protected us all the way through 1034 00:44:03,990 --> 00:44:02,319 entry is no longer necessary we need to 1035 00:44:04,710 --> 00:44:04,000 get that off so that we can actually see 1036 00:44:08,150 --> 00:44:04,720 the ground 1037 00:44:09,829 --> 00:44:08,160 different ways perseverance will be 1038 00:44:11,430 --> 00:44:09,839 the first mission to use terrain 1039 00:44:13,190 --> 00:44:11,440 relative navigation 1040 00:44:15,190 --> 00:44:13,200 so while it's descending on the 1041 00:44:17,990 --> 00:44:15,200 parachute it will actually be taking 1042 00:44:18,710 --> 00:44:18,000 images of the surface of mars and 1043 00:44:21,190 --> 00:44:18,720 determining 1044 00:44:23,430 --> 00:44:21,200 where to go based on what it sees this 1045 00:44:24,309 --> 00:44:23,440 is finally like landing with your eyes 1046 00:44:26,630 --> 00:44:24,319 open 1047 00:44:27,589 --> 00:44:26,640 having this new technology really allows 1048 00:44:30,470 --> 00:44:27,599 perseverance 1049 00:44:30,870 --> 00:44:30,480 to land in much more challenging terrain 1050 00:44:33,430 --> 00:44:30,880 than 1051 00:44:34,790 --> 00:44:33,440 curiosity or any previous mars mission 1052 00:44:37,349 --> 00:44:34,800 could amongst 1053 00:44:38,470 --> 00:44:37,359 the rocks and the craters and the cliffs 1054 00:44:41,510 --> 00:44:38,480 these things are 1055 00:44:42,470 --> 00:44:41,520 hazardous to the rover but 1056 00:44:44,550 --> 00:44:42,480 these are the things that are 1057 00:44:46,150 --> 00:44:44,560 interesting to the scientists 1058 00:44:48,829 --> 00:44:46,160 once perseverance has figured out where 1059 00:44:53,190 --> 00:44:48,839 she is jettison the back shell and 1060 00:44:56,950 --> 00:44:55,109 those rockets help us steer to a safe 1061 00:44:58,950 --> 00:44:56,960 landing spot that's nearby 1062 00:45:00,470 --> 00:44:58,960 that descent stage takes us all the way 1063 00:45:02,230 --> 00:45:00,480 down to about 20 meters 1064 00:45:04,300 --> 00:45:02,240 off the ground that's when we start the 1065 00:45:07,270 --> 00:45:04,310 sky crane 1066 00:45:09,190 --> 00:45:07,280 [Music] 1067 00:45:10,710 --> 00:45:09,200 once the rover has hit the ground the 1068 00:45:13,510 --> 00:45:10,720 descent stage will cut loose from the 1069 00:45:15,750 --> 00:45:13,520 rover and fly away to a safe distance 1070 00:45:18,069 --> 00:45:15,760 surviving that seven minutes is really 1071 00:45:19,750 --> 00:45:18,079 just the beginning for perseverance its 1072 00:45:21,510 --> 00:45:19,760 job right being the first leg of sample 1073 00:45:23,910 --> 00:45:21,520 return to go look for those signs of 1074 00:45:25,910 --> 00:45:23,920 past life on mars all that can't start 1075 00:45:27,829 --> 00:45:25,920 until we get perseverant safely to the 1076 00:45:34,210 --> 00:45:27,839 ground and then that's when the real 1077 00:45:34,220 --> 00:45:55,030 [Music] 1078 00:46:00,150 --> 00:45:57,670 with us now is al chen he is 1079 00:46:01,190 --> 00:46:00,160 perseverance's entry descent and landing 1080 00:46:03,349 --> 00:46:01,200 lead 1081 00:46:05,510 --> 00:46:03,359 al you were part of the curiosity rover 1082 00:46:07,109 --> 00:46:05,520 landing does it get any easier the 1083 00:46:08,870 --> 00:46:07,119 second time around 1084 00:46:10,309 --> 00:46:08,880 it absolutely does not especially when 1085 00:46:10,870 --> 00:46:10,319 considering we're trying to land the 1086 00:46:13,030 --> 00:46:10,880 biggest 1087 00:46:14,950 --> 00:46:13,040 heaviest and most complex rover we've 1088 00:46:16,630 --> 00:46:14,960 ever built at the most dangerous landing 1089 00:46:18,390 --> 00:46:16,640 site we've ever attempted 1090 00:46:19,990 --> 00:46:18,400 jezreel may look great and you know 1091 00:46:22,230 --> 00:46:20,000 promising from a science perspective but 1092 00:46:24,150 --> 00:46:22,240 it's absolutely treacherous for landing 1093 00:46:25,750 --> 00:46:24,160 there's a cliff cliff wall that's about 1094 00:46:27,109 --> 00:46:25,760 200 feet tall that runs right through 1095 00:46:28,630 --> 00:46:27,119 the middle of landing site 1096 00:46:29,990 --> 00:46:28,640 there are craters full of sand that even 1097 00:46:31,109 --> 00:46:30,000 if we landed them we would not be able 1098 00:46:32,950 --> 00:46:31,119 to drive out of 1099 00:46:34,230 --> 00:46:32,960 and there are rocks to the east and 1100 00:46:35,109 --> 00:46:34,240 actually all over the place and rock 1101 00:46:36,390 --> 00:46:35,119 fields 1102 00:46:38,390 --> 00:46:36,400 that would be a bad day for us if we 1103 00:46:41,510 --> 00:46:38,400 were to land on them 1104 00:46:43,990 --> 00:46:41,520 now al what new technology makes this 1105 00:46:45,349 --> 00:46:44,000 type of land dangerous landing possible 1106 00:46:46,790 --> 00:46:45,359 perseverance is carrying two new 1107 00:46:47,990 --> 00:46:46,800 technologies that are really kind of 1108 00:46:49,829 --> 00:46:48,000 under the hood smarts 1109 00:46:51,750 --> 00:46:49,839 that are allowing us to land at this 1110 00:46:53,589 --> 00:46:51,760 kind of treacherous landing site 1111 00:46:54,950 --> 00:46:53,599 the first is range trigger that's the 1112 00:46:56,550 --> 00:46:54,960 ability we've given perseverance the 1113 00:46:58,710 --> 00:46:56,560 ability to decide for herself 1114 00:47:00,630 --> 00:46:58,720 based on where she is when to deploy the 1115 00:47:02,550 --> 00:47:00,640 parachute previously we used to deploy 1116 00:47:05,030 --> 00:47:02,560 parachutes that supersonic parachute 1117 00:47:06,390 --> 00:47:05,040 based just on navigated velocity but now 1118 00:47:07,430 --> 00:47:06,400 perseverance has the smarts to figure 1119 00:47:09,030 --> 00:47:07,440 out where she is 1120 00:47:10,470 --> 00:47:09,040 and deploy that parachute at just the 1121 00:47:12,470 --> 00:47:10,480 right place to make sure that 1122 00:47:14,390 --> 00:47:12,480 we shrink where we could come down that 1123 00:47:16,150 --> 00:47:14,400 actually reduces the area that 1124 00:47:18,309 --> 00:47:16,160 error ellipse the where we can come down 1125 00:47:20,470 --> 00:47:18,319 on the ground from something that was on 1126 00:47:21,990 --> 00:47:20,480 the order of 15 miles long by 12 miles 1127 00:47:24,870 --> 00:47:22,000 wide for curiosity 1128 00:47:26,309 --> 00:47:24,880 to about 5 miles long by four miles wide 1129 00:47:27,910 --> 00:47:26,319 for perseverance so that's quite a bit 1130 00:47:29,829 --> 00:47:27,920 of reduction 1131 00:47:31,349 --> 00:47:29,839 second uh the next piece of technology 1132 00:47:32,710 --> 00:47:31,359 that's helping us land there is terrain 1133 00:47:34,309 --> 00:47:32,720 relative navigation 1134 00:47:36,150 --> 00:47:34,319 um in the past after we've popped off 1135 00:47:37,589 --> 00:47:36,160 the heat shield we've taken pictures of 1136 00:47:39,670 --> 00:47:37,599 the ground as it's been coming up but we 1137 00:47:41,430 --> 00:47:39,680 haven't really done anything with them 1138 00:47:43,349 --> 00:47:41,440 this time perseverance is carrying a 1139 00:47:44,630 --> 00:47:43,359 camera to take pictures but also a kind 1140 00:47:45,829 --> 00:47:44,640 of second brain 1141 00:47:47,589 --> 00:47:45,839 to help it figure out what those 1142 00:47:48,710 --> 00:47:47,599 pictures are telling it and match it up 1143 00:47:50,790 --> 00:47:48,720 with an onboard map 1144 00:47:52,549 --> 00:47:50,800 from a satellite that allows it to 1145 00:47:54,230 --> 00:47:52,559 figure out exactly where she is 1146 00:47:56,069 --> 00:47:54,240 uh suddenly then she can she can then 1147 00:47:57,750 --> 00:47:56,079 fly to safe spots that are nearby when 1148 00:47:59,670 --> 00:47:57,760 she really knows where she is 1149 00:48:01,270 --> 00:47:59,680 it allows the site to not have to be as 1150 00:48:02,390 --> 00:48:01,280 flat and boring as a pancake as if some 1151 00:48:04,390 --> 00:48:02,400 of our past sites had been 1152 00:48:06,470 --> 00:48:04,400 the entire area we could come down now 1153 00:48:08,470 --> 00:48:06,480 we just need little pieces of that site 1154 00:48:10,870 --> 00:48:08,480 to be small enough and safe enough uh 1155 00:48:12,150 --> 00:48:10,880 for us to land in safely and fly there 1156 00:48:14,790 --> 00:48:12,160 after we've just after we've gotten rid 1157 00:48:17,069 --> 00:48:14,800 of the parachute and we also have a 1158 00:48:20,309 --> 00:48:17,079 social media question coming in 1159 00:48:22,309 --> 00:48:20,319 sansari14 on instagram is asking 1160 00:48:25,190 --> 00:48:22,319 how does the sky crane decide where to 1161 00:48:26,710 --> 00:48:25,200 move itself after the payload lands 1162 00:48:28,870 --> 00:48:26,720 after the payload lands after the rover 1163 00:48:30,069 --> 00:48:28,880 touches down the the sky crane the 1164 00:48:31,670 --> 00:48:30,079 descent stage which is that rocket 1165 00:48:33,270 --> 00:48:31,680 powered jet pack above it 1166 00:48:35,109 --> 00:48:33,280 the first job of course is to make sure 1167 00:48:38,069 --> 00:48:35,119 you don't hurt the rover so it'll turn 1168 00:48:39,829 --> 00:48:38,079 forward or backward so that the engine 1169 00:48:41,990 --> 00:48:39,839 plumes don't pass over the rover 1170 00:48:43,349 --> 00:48:42,000 so it'll come up and start to turn and 1171 00:48:43,990 --> 00:48:43,359 it'll go in whichever direction is 1172 00:48:45,829 --> 00:48:44,000 closest 1173 00:48:47,270 --> 00:48:45,839 to north so it can either go forward if 1174 00:48:48,870 --> 00:48:47,280 that's the way north is or go 1175 00:48:50,630 --> 00:48:48,880 toward the rear of the rover if that's 1176 00:48:53,270 --> 00:48:50,640 where north is and it'll fly about a 1177 00:48:55,589 --> 00:48:53,280 third of a mile or so away 1178 00:48:56,710 --> 00:48:55,599 thanks for talking to us today al thank 1179 00:48:59,030 --> 00:48:56,720 you very much 1180 00:49:03,589 --> 00:48:59,040 now let's head back to mission control 1181 00:49:06,390 --> 00:49:03,599 for an update from swati 1182 00:49:07,109 --> 00:49:06,400 hi raquel so remember that command that 1183 00:49:09,670 --> 00:49:07,119 we sent 1184 00:49:10,470 --> 00:49:09,680 at around 11 35 to turn the transmitter 1185 00:49:13,750 --> 00:49:10,480 off 1186 00:49:16,710 --> 00:49:13,760 we are just about to get confirmation 1187 00:49:18,230 --> 00:49:16,720 that perseverance has received the 1188 00:49:22,870 --> 00:49:18,240 command 1189 00:49:23,990 --> 00:49:22,880 perseverance and then the reply took 11 1190 00:49:26,630 --> 00:49:24,000 minutes to get 1191 00:49:27,190 --> 00:49:26,640 back from perseverance to the ground so 1192 00:49:31,030 --> 00:49:27,200 we 1193 00:49:32,470 --> 00:49:31,040 should hear about any second now that 1194 00:49:34,870 --> 00:49:32,480 we have officially turned off the 1195 00:49:38,230 --> 00:49:34,880 transmitter and after that we will be 1196 00:49:40,390 --> 00:49:38,240 about four minutes from the start 1197 00:49:41,910 --> 00:49:40,400 of entry descent and landing mode at 1198 00:49:44,470 --> 00:49:41,920 this point we will transition 1199 00:49:45,910 --> 00:49:44,480 from the cruise approach mode to entry 1200 00:49:48,950 --> 00:49:45,920 descent and landing 1201 00:49:50,150 --> 00:49:48,960 and that means our travel from earth to 1202 00:49:52,309 --> 00:49:50,160 mars is done 1203 00:49:53,270 --> 00:49:52,319 and now we just need to get to the 1204 00:50:01,190 --> 00:49:53,280 surface 1205 00:50:04,950 --> 00:50:03,109 oh well this is chad three ready to show 1206 00:50:25,109 --> 00:50:04,960 miss estimated assistance for 1207 00:50:28,549 --> 00:50:26,710 our tracking stations have all confirmed 1208 00:50:33,349 --> 00:50:28,559 the results of the transmitter drive off 1209 00:50:36,630 --> 00:50:33,359 and in lock one way copy ace 1210 00:50:38,150 --> 00:50:36,640 gts light flight gts 1211 00:50:40,790 --> 00:50:38,160 at this time i'd like to disable the 1212 00:50:42,790 --> 00:50:40,800 alarms before edl main 1213 00:50:45,430 --> 00:50:42,800 so please disable all the alarm files 1214 00:50:47,910 --> 00:50:45,440 and start a new downlink session 1215 00:50:52,950 --> 00:50:47,920 we'll talk about that copy that 1216 00:51:01,030 --> 00:50:54,710 we are now officially one way and the 1217 00:51:05,910 --> 00:51:04,390 rover mission has helped shape the other 1218 00:51:08,150 --> 00:51:05,920 starting with the landing of the 1219 00:51:10,470 --> 00:51:08,160 pathfinder more than 20 1220 00:51:12,309 --> 00:51:10,480 years ago leading up to where we are 1221 00:51:14,309 --> 00:51:12,319 today with perseverance 1222 00:51:15,589 --> 00:51:14,319 perseverance deputy project manager 1223 00:51:18,549 --> 00:51:15,599 jennifer trosper 1224 00:51:19,030 --> 00:51:18,559 has worked on every mars rover mission 1225 00:51:22,630 --> 00:51:19,040 and 1226 00:51:24,549 --> 00:51:22,640 she joins us now jennifer 1227 00:51:27,270 --> 00:51:24,559 how does perseverance fit into the 1228 00:51:29,910 --> 00:51:27,280 history of exploring mars 1229 00:51:31,589 --> 00:51:29,920 thanks raquel it's great to be here well 1230 00:51:33,829 --> 00:51:31,599 perseverance is nasa's 1231 00:51:35,270 --> 00:51:33,839 fifth rover on mars and i've had the 1232 00:51:37,589 --> 00:51:35,280 privilege of working on 1233 00:51:39,950 --> 00:51:37,599 every one of them and the very first 1234 00:51:43,349 --> 00:51:39,960 rover was the sojourner rover we sent in 1235 00:51:46,309 --> 00:51:43,359 1997 and it was the size of a microwave 1236 00:51:48,630 --> 00:51:46,319 oven and even at that small size 1237 00:51:50,710 --> 00:51:48,640 sojourner was able to transform the way 1238 00:51:54,150 --> 00:51:50,720 that we explore mars from 1239 00:51:56,309 --> 00:51:54,160 stationary landers to small roving 1240 00:51:57,829 --> 00:51:56,319 robots that go from place to place just 1241 00:52:00,309 --> 00:51:57,839 like a geologist would 1242 00:52:01,589 --> 00:52:00,319 on earth so once we had that roving 1243 00:52:03,990 --> 00:52:01,599 capability 1244 00:52:05,190 --> 00:52:04,000 then we sent our twin rovers spirit and 1245 00:52:08,630 --> 00:52:05,200 opportunity 1246 00:52:11,829 --> 00:52:08,640 finding 1247 00:52:12,470 --> 00:52:11,839 evidence of ancient water on mars now 1248 00:52:14,470 --> 00:52:12,480 they did 1249 00:52:16,870 --> 00:52:14,480 they're great explorers and both of them 1250 00:52:19,349 --> 00:52:16,880 found ample evidence that water had once 1251 00:52:21,270 --> 00:52:19,359 existed on the surface of mars 1252 00:52:22,630 --> 00:52:21,280 but we had a question another question 1253 00:52:25,109 --> 00:52:22,640 then was 1254 00:52:26,549 --> 00:52:25,119 mars ever habitable if water had been 1255 00:52:28,950 --> 00:52:26,559 there and that's when we sent 1256 00:52:29,990 --> 00:52:28,960 curiosity now curiosity was a major 1257 00:52:32,230 --> 00:52:30,000 upgrade 1258 00:52:33,430 --> 00:52:32,240 to our rover fleet she's the size of a 1259 00:52:35,910 --> 00:52:33,440 small car 1260 00:52:37,589 --> 00:52:35,920 she landed with the sky crane system 1261 00:52:39,349 --> 00:52:37,599 instead of air bags 1262 00:52:40,870 --> 00:52:39,359 and she also carries along her own 1263 00:52:43,430 --> 00:52:40,880 sample analytics lab 1264 00:52:45,750 --> 00:52:43,440 and she's still operating today and 1265 00:52:47,910 --> 00:52:45,760 during her exploration she has found 1266 00:52:50,950 --> 00:52:47,920 evidence of a habitable environment 1267 00:52:52,710 --> 00:52:50,960 in an ancient lake bed on mars so now 1268 00:52:55,589 --> 00:52:52,720 we're sending perseverance 1269 00:52:56,390 --> 00:52:55,599 perseverance is tasked with answering 1270 00:52:58,790 --> 00:52:56,400 the question 1271 00:52:59,990 --> 00:52:58,800 and looking for evidence of ancient 1272 00:53:02,710 --> 00:53:00,000 microbial life 1273 00:53:04,470 --> 00:53:02,720 on mars and in order to do this she has 1274 00:53:06,630 --> 00:53:04,480 to be the smartest and most capable 1275 00:53:08,470 --> 00:53:06,640 rover we've ever sent 1276 00:53:10,150 --> 00:53:08,480 speaking of perseverance can you tell us 1277 00:53:12,630 --> 00:53:10,160 more about how perseverance 1278 00:53:13,510 --> 00:53:12,640 is smarter than its predecessors yes 1279 00:53:16,150 --> 00:53:13,520 we've made 1280 00:53:17,670 --> 00:53:16,160 a lot of upgrades to help her along with 1281 00:53:19,670 --> 00:53:17,680 the surface mission 1282 00:53:21,270 --> 00:53:19,680 one of them is for her autonomous 1283 00:53:23,270 --> 00:53:21,280 traverse capability 1284 00:53:25,510 --> 00:53:23,280 when i say autonomous traverse i mean we 1285 00:53:27,750 --> 00:53:25,520 tell her where we want her to end up 1286 00:53:29,190 --> 00:53:27,760 and she has to figure out the safe and 1287 00:53:31,510 --> 00:53:29,200 best way to get there 1288 00:53:33,190 --> 00:53:31,520 in order to do that she uses her cameras 1289 00:53:34,950 --> 00:53:33,200 algorithms a computer 1290 00:53:36,790 --> 00:53:34,960 so we've given her another computer 1291 00:53:38,309 --> 00:53:36,800 we've upgraded the cameras and we've 1292 00:53:40,710 --> 00:53:38,319 upgraded the algorithms 1293 00:53:42,069 --> 00:53:40,720 now she drives three times as fast as 1294 00:53:45,109 --> 00:53:42,079 curiosity could drive 1295 00:53:45,430 --> 00:53:45,119 in this autonomous traverse mode in fact 1296 00:53:48,710 --> 00:53:45,440 her 1297 00:53:51,109 --> 00:53:48,720 average daily distance for driving about 1298 00:53:53,430 --> 00:53:51,119 200 meters is close to the maximum 1299 00:53:55,589 --> 00:53:53,440 distance any rover has ever driven in a 1300 00:53:57,190 --> 00:53:55,599 day on mars so she's fast 1301 00:53:59,109 --> 00:53:57,200 another thing that we've done which is 1302 00:54:01,430 --> 00:53:59,119 the most significant upgrade 1303 00:54:03,349 --> 00:54:01,440 that we've made is the sample caching 1304 00:54:05,430 --> 00:54:03,359 system itself 1305 00:54:07,510 --> 00:54:05,440 curiosity has a robotic arm like 1306 00:54:10,150 --> 00:54:07,520 perseverance has a robotic arm but on 1307 00:54:12,710 --> 00:54:10,160 the end of perseverance's robotic arm 1308 00:54:14,150 --> 00:54:12,720 is a coring drill that will go and take 1309 00:54:16,309 --> 00:54:14,160 rock cores 1310 00:54:18,790 --> 00:54:16,319 transfer them into sample tubes and into 1311 00:54:21,750 --> 00:54:18,800 the rover where another robotic arm 1312 00:54:22,470 --> 00:54:21,760 will take those tubes will seal them and 1313 00:54:24,470 --> 00:54:22,480 store them 1314 00:54:27,589 --> 00:54:24,480 and eventually drop them on the surface 1315 00:54:29,750 --> 00:54:27,599 of mars for future return to earth 1316 00:54:31,109 --> 00:54:29,760 great and we also have a social media 1317 00:54:34,230 --> 00:54:31,119 question about perseverance 1318 00:54:36,309 --> 00:54:34,240 erica a s on instagram wants to know 1319 00:54:37,349 --> 00:54:36,319 what the wheels of the rover are made 1320 00:54:38,950 --> 00:54:37,359 out of 1321 00:54:40,390 --> 00:54:38,960 great question well you may think we 1322 00:54:42,950 --> 00:54:40,400 make them out of some 1323 00:54:44,710 --> 00:54:42,960 material you've never heard of it turns 1324 00:54:46,390 --> 00:54:44,720 out they're made of aluminum 1325 00:54:47,990 --> 00:54:46,400 now perseverance's wheels are a little 1326 00:54:48,549 --> 00:54:48,000 thicker than curiosities but they're 1327 00:54:51,990 --> 00:54:48,559 actually 1328 00:54:54,150 --> 00:54:52,000 both made out of aluminum and one more 1329 00:54:56,069 --> 00:54:54,160 question for you can you tell us more 1330 00:54:59,109 --> 00:54:56,079 about the importance of where you are 1331 00:55:00,950 --> 00:54:59,119 right now in the building yes i am 1332 00:55:02,470 --> 00:55:00,960 above on the second floor above the 1333 00:55:03,430 --> 00:55:02,480 cruise mission support area that you've 1334 00:55:05,430 --> 00:55:03,440 been watching 1335 00:55:06,870 --> 00:55:05,440 and this is the surface mission support 1336 00:55:10,069 --> 00:55:06,880 area so as soon 1337 00:55:10,870 --> 00:55:10,079 as perseverance lands all commands i'll 1338 00:55:12,309 --> 00:55:10,880 take out this 1339 00:55:14,950 --> 00:55:12,319 this room will take over become 1340 00:55:16,549 --> 00:55:14,960 headquarters for operating perseverance 1341 00:55:17,990 --> 00:55:16,559 on mars 1342 00:55:20,230 --> 00:55:18,000 thanks for taking the time to talk to us 1343 00:55:22,950 --> 00:55:20,240 today jennifer thank you 1344 00:55:23,990 --> 00:55:22,960 now we now know perseverance's place in 1345 00:55:26,950 --> 00:55:24,000 history 1346 00:55:27,270 --> 00:55:26,960 let's take an up-close look at the rover 1347 00:55:30,309 --> 00:55:27,280 with 1348 00:55:34,710 --> 00:55:30,319 mars 2020 system testbed engineer 1349 00:55:37,109 --> 00:55:34,720 elio morillo thank you 1350 00:55:38,069 --> 00:55:37,119 i'm standing in front of the mars 2020 1351 00:55:40,710 --> 00:55:38,079 perseverance 1352 00:55:41,349 --> 00:55:40,720 scaled model as you can tell this 1353 00:55:44,309 --> 00:55:41,359 vehicle 1354 00:55:45,349 --> 00:55:44,319 is about the size of a mini cooper these 1355 00:55:47,190 --> 00:55:45,359 wheels are obviously 1356 00:55:48,789 --> 00:55:47,200 black here and they look like rubber but 1357 00:55:50,470 --> 00:55:48,799 they're actually fully made of metal 1358 00:55:52,309 --> 00:55:50,480 these wheels are designed to allow us to 1359 00:55:53,270 --> 00:55:52,319 climb over obstacles and of course climb 1360 00:55:55,829 --> 00:55:53,280 over hills 1361 00:55:58,230 --> 00:55:55,839 and minimize the amount of slipping once 1362 00:55:59,750 --> 00:55:58,240 we're traversing on the surface of mars 1363 00:56:01,990 --> 00:55:59,760 here in the front of the rover we have 1364 00:56:03,670 --> 00:56:02,000 the sample caching system and of course 1365 00:56:06,150 --> 00:56:03,680 at the very front end of this is the 1366 00:56:08,710 --> 00:56:06,160 robotic arm which this entire system is 1367 00:56:09,510 --> 00:56:08,720 arguably the most complex robotic system 1368 00:56:12,150 --> 00:56:09,520 we've ever sent 1369 00:56:12,549 --> 00:56:12,160 outside of earth here at the tip of the 1370 00:56:14,870 --> 00:56:12,559 arm 1371 00:56:15,990 --> 00:56:14,880 we have a turret which contains a suite 1372 00:56:18,630 --> 00:56:16,000 of instruments along 1373 00:56:21,030 --> 00:56:18,640 with some drills and coring capabilities 1374 00:56:23,190 --> 00:56:21,040 that will allow us to do contact science 1375 00:56:24,630 --> 00:56:23,200 once we get to the surface of mars not 1376 00:56:26,789 --> 00:56:24,640 only that 1377 00:56:28,950 --> 00:56:26,799 this robotic system is equipped to 1378 00:56:31,030 --> 00:56:28,960 collect samples about the size of 1379 00:56:31,990 --> 00:56:31,040 a piece of chalk that then eventually 1380 00:56:34,150 --> 00:56:32,000 will be stored 1381 00:56:35,270 --> 00:56:34,160 inside of the vehicle and dropped off in 1382 00:56:37,190 --> 00:56:35,280 a later location 1383 00:56:39,190 --> 00:56:37,200 so that an eventual mission can go and 1384 00:56:41,670 --> 00:56:39,200 return these samples to earth something 1385 00:56:43,670 --> 00:56:41,680 we've never done in the past here in the 1386 00:56:46,630 --> 00:56:43,680 front we have the remote sensing 1387 00:56:48,549 --> 00:56:46,640 mast something of note is that this 1388 00:56:50,470 --> 00:56:48,559 mechanism is going to be stowed upon the 1389 00:56:52,069 --> 00:56:50,480 touchdown on the surface of mars and one 1390 00:56:53,910 --> 00:56:52,079 of the first critical activities we do 1391 00:56:56,150 --> 00:56:53,920 is deploy this mechanism 1392 00:56:57,109 --> 00:56:56,160 this mechanism includes several cameras 1393 00:56:57,990 --> 00:56:57,119 that are going to give us some of the 1394 00:57:00,150 --> 00:56:58,000 most breathtaking 1395 00:57:01,829 --> 00:57:00,160 images we've ever taken on mars along 1396 00:57:02,789 --> 00:57:01,839 with that we have some lasers as well as 1397 00:57:04,150 --> 00:57:02,799 a spectrometer 1398 00:57:06,549 --> 00:57:04,160 they're going to allow us to do some 1399 00:57:08,069 --> 00:57:06,559 remote science here you see 1400 00:57:09,510 --> 00:57:08,079 some of these extrusions that are part 1401 00:57:10,230 --> 00:57:09,520 of the larger weather suite of 1402 00:57:12,150 --> 00:57:10,240 instruments 1403 00:57:14,710 --> 00:57:12,160 that will allow us to characterize the 1404 00:57:16,710 --> 00:57:14,720 local climate around perseverance 1405 00:57:17,910 --> 00:57:16,720 so that's a quick tour of the rover but 1406 00:57:37,030 --> 00:57:17,920 i gotta get back to work 1407 00:57:42,309 --> 00:57:39,349 perseverance is collecting samples of 1408 00:57:43,910 --> 00:57:42,319 martian rock for future return to earth 1409 00:57:46,630 --> 00:57:43,920 we've heard that scientists have been 1410 00:57:49,829 --> 00:57:46,640 wanting to bring martian samples back 1411 00:57:50,789 --> 00:57:49,839 for many generations and here to talk a 1412 00:57:52,950 --> 00:57:50,799 little bit about that 1413 00:57:54,549 --> 00:57:52,960 is nasa's planetary science division 1414 00:57:56,870 --> 00:57:54,559 director lori glaze 1415 00:57:57,750 --> 00:57:56,880 who joins us now to talk about the role 1416 00:58:00,789 --> 00:57:57,760 perseverance 1417 00:58:01,510 --> 00:58:00,799 will play in nasa's future goals welcome 1418 00:58:04,470 --> 00:58:01,520 lori 1419 00:58:05,750 --> 00:58:04,480 hi now as you just heard we've heard 1420 00:58:07,910 --> 00:58:05,760 that scientists have been wanting to 1421 00:58:09,349 --> 00:58:07,920 bring back these martian samples for a 1422 00:58:11,589 --> 00:58:09,359 very long time 1423 00:58:13,670 --> 00:58:11,599 why do we need to bring them back that's 1424 00:58:15,990 --> 00:58:13,680 really a great great question 1425 00:58:18,069 --> 00:58:16,000 you know we actually have examples of 1426 00:58:19,670 --> 00:58:18,079 mars already here on earth that came 1427 00:58:21,589 --> 00:58:19,680 here as meteorites 1428 00:58:23,589 --> 00:58:21,599 but we don't know exactly where they 1429 00:58:25,430 --> 00:58:23,599 came from on mars and then they also 1430 00:58:26,470 --> 00:58:25,440 have had to make the trip from mars to 1431 00:58:28,309 --> 00:58:26,480 earth and so they 1432 00:58:30,230 --> 00:58:28,319 got altered during that time and then 1433 00:58:32,710 --> 00:58:30,240 during their entry and descent into the 1434 00:58:34,710 --> 00:58:32,720 earth's atmosphere that also changes 1435 00:58:38,549 --> 00:58:34,720 what those those rocks are like 1436 00:58:40,470 --> 00:58:38,559 so being able to go to mars and actually 1437 00:58:41,750 --> 00:58:40,480 collect a sample where we know exactly 1438 00:58:44,230 --> 00:58:41,760 where it came from 1439 00:58:45,030 --> 00:58:44,240 and we know we can preserve it and keep 1440 00:58:46,950 --> 00:58:45,040 it pristine 1441 00:58:49,190 --> 00:58:46,960 and carry it all the way back here this 1442 00:58:51,430 --> 00:58:49,200 will be incredibly important to help us 1443 00:58:53,990 --> 00:58:51,440 answer questions about 1444 00:58:54,950 --> 00:58:54,000 the geologic history of mars 1445 00:58:57,270 --> 00:58:54,960 understanding 1446 00:58:59,109 --> 00:58:57,280 how it formed and evolved and also 1447 00:58:59,990 --> 00:58:59,119 really important questions about whether 1448 00:59:02,230 --> 00:59:00,000 or not 1449 00:59:03,750 --> 00:59:02,240 life actually existed on mars three and 1450 00:59:03,990 --> 00:59:03,760 a half billion years ago and whether 1451 00:59:06,309 --> 00:59:04,000 that 1452 00:59:08,630 --> 00:59:06,319 life if it existed has been preserved in 1453 00:59:10,870 --> 00:59:08,640 the surface of mars 1454 00:59:12,309 --> 00:59:10,880 now lori these sample tubes that 1455 00:59:14,549 --> 00:59:12,319 perseverance is going to be 1456 00:59:16,069 --> 00:59:14,559 collecting they're the cleanest things 1457 00:59:16,789 --> 00:59:16,079 ever created on earth tell me a little 1458 00:59:19,910 --> 00:59:16,799 bit about that 1459 00:59:22,150 --> 00:59:19,920 oh my goodness we worked so hard 1460 00:59:23,349 --> 00:59:22,160 the team here at jpl is absolutely 1461 00:59:25,829 --> 00:59:23,359 incredible to 1462 00:59:27,510 --> 00:59:25,839 assure that those sample tubes are 1463 00:59:30,230 --> 00:59:27,520 incredibly clean 1464 00:59:30,789 --> 00:59:30,240 one of the main goals of this mission is 1465 00:59:34,789 --> 00:59:30,799 to 1466 00:59:37,349 --> 00:59:34,799 that's preserved 1467 00:59:38,390 --> 00:59:37,359 um ancient life preserved in those rocks 1468 00:59:39,990 --> 00:59:38,400 in those samples 1469 00:59:42,309 --> 00:59:40,000 and we definitely don't want to be 1470 00:59:43,990 --> 00:59:42,319 carrying you know our own dna 1471 00:59:45,589 --> 00:59:44,000 off to mars and then bring it back here 1472 00:59:45,990 --> 00:59:45,599 to confuse our our scientists when 1473 00:59:48,549 --> 00:59:46,000 they're trying 1474 00:59:50,069 --> 00:59:48,559 to study those samples so it it is an 1475 00:59:52,390 --> 00:59:50,079 incredibly clean 1476 00:59:53,910 --> 00:59:52,400 set of equipment that's been sent there 1477 00:59:56,390 --> 00:59:53,920 as you said the cleanest thing we've 1478 00:59:59,190 --> 00:59:56,400 ever sent into space 1479 00:59:59,990 --> 00:59:59,200 now this is a very complicated campaign 1480 01:00:02,069 --> 01:00:00,000 can you break down 1481 01:00:03,750 --> 01:00:02,079 for us how it's going to work and if 1482 01:00:04,950 --> 01:00:03,760 there's any international partners 1483 01:00:06,870 --> 01:00:04,960 working with us 1484 01:00:08,150 --> 01:00:06,880 you are correct the the marsh sample 1485 01:00:10,549 --> 01:00:08,160 return campaign 1486 01:00:12,309 --> 01:00:10,559 is incredibly complex in fact it's 1487 01:00:14,150 --> 01:00:12,319 probably the most challenging thing 1488 01:00:15,750 --> 01:00:14,160 we've ever tried to do 1489 01:00:17,670 --> 01:00:15,760 but we're definitely not going to try 1490 01:00:20,470 --> 01:00:17,680 and do it alone we have 1491 01:00:21,430 --> 01:00:20,480 great partners with the european space 1492 01:00:23,430 --> 01:00:21,440 agency 1493 01:00:25,430 --> 01:00:23,440 and the way this campaign is going to 1494 01:00:27,910 --> 01:00:25,440 work well perseverance is the first step 1495 01:00:29,510 --> 01:00:27,920 chapter one is going to mars and 1496 01:00:32,150 --> 01:00:29,520 collecting the samples 1497 01:00:32,630 --> 01:00:32,160 chapter two is going to be a sample 1498 01:00:34,630 --> 01:00:32,640 return 1499 01:00:37,750 --> 01:00:34,640 lander that we hope to launch in around 1500 01:00:40,150 --> 01:00:37,760 26 to 28 2026 to 2028 1501 01:00:41,190 --> 01:00:40,160 and that lander it'll be an american 1502 01:00:43,270 --> 01:00:41,200 lander carrying 1503 01:00:44,789 --> 01:00:43,280 a fetch rover that's provided by 1504 01:00:46,630 --> 01:00:44,799 european space agency 1505 01:00:48,549 --> 01:00:46,640 and that little fetch rover will drive 1506 01:00:51,270 --> 01:00:48,559 out and pick up the samples that 1507 01:00:52,710 --> 01:00:51,280 perseverance left on the surface of mars 1508 01:00:55,030 --> 01:00:52,720 and the fetch river will bring them back 1509 01:00:56,630 --> 01:00:55,040 and load them into a rocket that we call 1510 01:00:58,309 --> 01:00:56,640 the mars ascent vehicle which will be 1511 01:00:59,270 --> 01:00:58,319 the first ever launch from another 1512 01:01:01,190 --> 01:00:59,280 planet 1513 01:01:02,710 --> 01:01:01,200 and it will launch those samples into 1514 01:01:05,109 --> 01:01:02,720 orbit around mars 1515 01:01:05,910 --> 01:01:05,119 in the meantime european space agency 1516 01:01:08,470 --> 01:01:05,920 will have an 1517 01:01:11,349 --> 01:01:08,480 orbiter that's in orbit around mars that 1518 01:01:13,670 --> 01:01:11,359 can rendezvous and capture those samples 1519 01:01:15,510 --> 01:01:13,680 and then bring them back to earth for 1520 01:01:18,549 --> 01:01:15,520 for us to study back here in our 1521 01:01:21,190 --> 01:01:18,559 amazing laboratories 1522 01:01:23,589 --> 01:01:21,200 a lot of firsts it sounds like lori and 1523 01:01:25,430 --> 01:01:23,599 another first how is perseverance and 1524 01:01:27,589 --> 01:01:25,440 the mars sample return mission 1525 01:01:29,750 --> 01:01:27,599 going to help the future exploration 1526 01:01:31,589 --> 01:01:29,760 human exploration of mars 1527 01:01:33,589 --> 01:01:31,599 i'm so glad you asked that i think we're 1528 01:01:36,390 --> 01:01:33,599 going to get a lot of 1529 01:01:36,870 --> 01:01:36,400 great information from our sample return 1530 01:01:39,270 --> 01:01:36,880 with 1531 01:01:41,270 --> 01:01:39,280 again being able to land uh the heaviest 1532 01:01:43,190 --> 01:01:41,280 payload we've ever landed on mars will 1533 01:01:44,069 --> 01:01:43,200 be that sample return lander that's 1534 01:01:45,990 --> 01:01:44,079 critical 1535 01:01:47,750 --> 01:01:46,000 to us learning how to land humans on 1536 01:01:49,190 --> 01:01:47,760 mars and then we are definitely going to 1537 01:01:51,190 --> 01:01:49,200 want to be able to launch the humans 1538 01:01:51,990 --> 01:01:51,200 back off of mars so that mars ascent 1539 01:01:54,230 --> 01:01:52,000 vehicle is going 1540 01:01:55,349 --> 01:01:54,240 to be critical that that first step of 1541 01:01:58,789 --> 01:01:55,359 the first launch from 1542 01:02:00,710 --> 01:01:58,799 another planet so exciting 1543 01:02:02,789 --> 01:02:00,720 laurie and speaking about the mars 1544 01:02:03,670 --> 01:02:02,799 generation we're now going to take a 1545 01:02:07,670 --> 01:02:03,680 student question 1546 01:02:08,789 --> 01:02:07,680 for you from livia hi my name is olivia 1547 01:02:11,750 --> 01:02:08,799 and my question 1548 01:02:13,430 --> 01:02:11,760 is what made you want to study mars and 1549 01:02:16,150 --> 01:02:13,440 why are you working so hard 1550 01:02:19,270 --> 01:02:16,160 and willing to wait so long for a sample 1551 01:02:22,630 --> 01:02:21,829 olivia that is such a great question um 1552 01:02:24,870 --> 01:02:22,640 and and i 1553 01:02:27,270 --> 01:02:24,880 enjoy mars just because it can tell us 1554 01:02:29,430 --> 01:02:27,280 so much about how our solar system 1555 01:02:30,870 --> 01:02:29,440 formed and evolved um all of the planets 1556 01:02:32,950 --> 01:02:30,880 can tell us different parts of that 1557 01:02:33,670 --> 01:02:32,960 story and mars is a really key piece of 1558 01:02:35,029 --> 01:02:33,680 that 1559 01:02:37,270 --> 01:02:35,039 and one of the main reasons we're 1560 01:02:37,829 --> 01:02:37,280 willing to wait so long to get the 1561 01:02:40,230 --> 01:02:37,839 sample 1562 01:02:42,150 --> 01:02:40,240 back is that we've got great new 1563 01:02:43,270 --> 01:02:42,160 scientists that are all about your age 1564 01:02:45,589 --> 01:02:43,280 and in about 1565 01:02:47,510 --> 01:02:45,599 10 or 15 or 20 years you'll be the 1566 01:02:47,990 --> 01:02:47,520 generation that's going to actually get 1567 01:02:50,230 --> 01:02:48,000 to work 1568 01:02:51,270 --> 01:02:50,240 with these samples when when they come 1569 01:02:53,589 --> 01:02:51,280 back you'll be 1570 01:02:54,630 --> 01:02:53,599 the scientists and engineers that will 1571 01:02:57,029 --> 01:02:54,640 will be the 1572 01:02:58,069 --> 01:02:57,039 the next generation to to change how we 1573 01:03:02,470 --> 01:02:58,079 think about 1574 01:03:04,710 --> 01:03:02,480 in the solar system 1575 01:03:05,670 --> 01:03:04,720 that was a great question lori reach for 1576 01:03:08,069 --> 01:03:05,680 the stars 1577 01:03:09,670 --> 01:03:08,079 future little scientists and engineers 1578 01:03:11,190 --> 01:03:09,680 thank you so much for joining us here 1579 01:03:13,190 --> 01:03:11,200 today lori it's my pleasure 1580 01:03:14,630 --> 01:03:13,200 thanks back to you raquel for another 1581 01:03:16,870 --> 01:03:14,640 mission update 1582 01:03:19,029 --> 01:03:16,880 thanks marina the cruise team for 1583 01:03:20,230 --> 01:03:19,039 perseverance controls the rover on its 1584 01:03:22,789 --> 01:03:20,240 way to mars 1585 01:03:24,309 --> 01:03:22,799 and moments ago they handed it over to 1586 01:03:26,150 --> 01:03:24,319 the landing team 1587 01:03:28,309 --> 01:03:26,160 and it looks like team leaders in 1588 01:03:28,789 --> 01:03:28,319 mission control are about to talk to 1589 01:03:32,470 --> 01:03:28,799 both 1590 01:03:35,029 --> 01:03:32,480 teams so let's listen in uh the cbm 1591 01:03:37,349 --> 01:03:35,039 change as i mentioned previously is to 1592 01:03:37,829 --> 01:03:37,359 the edl reserve two-way non-coherent 1593 01:03:41,190 --> 01:03:37,839 round 1594 01:03:46,309 --> 01:03:41,200 activity copy flight 1595 01:03:51,029 --> 01:03:49,270 pep talk i guess to the team all right 1596 01:03:51,589 --> 01:03:51,039 uh you know i'm terrible pep talks i 1597 01:03:55,430 --> 01:03:51,599 think you 1598 01:03:56,789 --> 01:03:55,440 my reputation precedes me there and uh 1599 01:03:58,150 --> 01:03:56,799 look i know this hasn't been easy right 1600 01:03:59,589 --> 01:03:58,160 i'm not even sure we've even been all in 1601 01:04:01,109 --> 01:03:59,599 the same room at the same time i mean 1602 01:04:03,910 --> 01:04:01,119 i'm staring at folks across the 1603 01:04:07,829 --> 01:04:03,920 uh across the internet as well even now 1604 01:04:13,349 --> 01:04:11,190 yeah voice check okay 1605 01:04:15,510 --> 01:04:13,359 um i do want to just extend uh my 1606 01:04:17,829 --> 01:04:15,520 heartfelt appreciation from the edl team 1607 01:04:19,270 --> 01:04:17,839 to the uh to the launch cruise team uh 1608 01:04:20,069 --> 01:04:19,280 you've done everything we've asked for 1609 01:04:22,069 --> 01:04:20,079 right i mean 1610 01:04:23,190 --> 01:04:22,079 you've battled anomalies you've you know 1611 01:04:23,910 --> 01:04:23,200 dealt with cessies you've done 1612 01:04:26,069 --> 01:04:23,920 everything 1613 01:04:27,670 --> 01:04:26,079 uh he delivered a healthy spacecraft uh 1614 01:04:29,270 --> 01:04:27,680 to the place that we want to go 1615 01:04:30,470 --> 01:04:29,280 um and she's right on target right we 1616 01:04:31,510 --> 01:04:30,480 did the last maneuver literally two 1617 01:04:33,029 --> 01:04:31,520 months ago 1618 01:04:35,190 --> 01:04:33,039 right this is pretty incredible in my 1619 01:04:36,390 --> 01:04:35,200 opinion um and she's armed with the 1620 01:04:37,910 --> 01:04:36,400 right information to help us land you 1621 01:04:38,230 --> 01:04:37,920 know doing the parameter update last 1622 01:04:39,589 --> 01:04:38,240 night 1623 01:04:41,589 --> 01:04:39,599 we're ready to roll you've done 1624 01:04:43,029 --> 01:04:41,599 everything right um and you've put up 1625 01:04:44,630 --> 01:04:43,039 with us too right you've put up with our 1626 01:04:46,630 --> 01:04:44,640 eccentricities and 1627 01:04:48,549 --> 01:04:46,640 the things we like to do in edl land so 1628 01:04:50,470 --> 01:04:48,559 i very much appreciate that 1629 01:04:51,670 --> 01:04:50,480 so uh you all should sleep in on friday 1630 01:04:54,549 --> 01:04:51,680 since uh 1631 01:04:55,910 --> 01:04:54,559 i you know you guys have earned it um 1632 01:04:57,029 --> 01:04:55,920 thanks for literally and figuratively 1633 01:04:57,910 --> 01:04:57,039 putting us in the right position to 1634 01:05:01,349 --> 01:04:57,920 succeed 1635 01:05:04,870 --> 01:05:01,359 and uh let's land on mars together 1636 01:05:06,230 --> 01:05:04,880 copy edl phase and uh as flight director 1637 01:05:07,349 --> 01:05:06,240 i also would like to thank the whole 1638 01:05:10,390 --> 01:05:07,359 team 1639 01:05:13,750 --> 01:05:10,400 cruise ops edl ops 1640 01:05:15,670 --> 01:05:13,760 edl team and the surface ops as well 1641 01:05:17,510 --> 01:05:15,680 it's been an amazing journey i think we 1642 01:05:19,109 --> 01:05:17,520 all know that and 1643 01:05:22,150 --> 01:05:19,119 it's been my honor and pleasure to work 1644 01:05:23,349 --> 01:05:22,160 with you all side by side and your 1645 01:05:26,069 --> 01:05:23,359 tireless efforts 1646 01:05:27,910 --> 01:05:26,079 and endurance in the face of our 1647 01:05:31,990 --> 01:05:27,920 challenges has been 1648 01:05:34,390 --> 01:05:32,000 truly truly inspiring so kudos to you 1649 01:05:36,390 --> 01:05:34,400 mission would you like to see something 1650 01:05:38,470 --> 01:05:36,400 yeah just echoing the same words that 1651 01:05:39,510 --> 01:05:38,480 uh that al and magdy have uh have 1652 01:05:41,750 --> 01:05:39,520 mentioned 1653 01:05:43,750 --> 01:05:41,760 you guys have overcome great obstacles 1654 01:05:45,829 --> 01:05:43,760 in the last six and a half months and it 1655 01:05:46,789 --> 01:05:45,839 started with an earthquake in this room 1656 01:05:49,990 --> 01:05:46,799 on launch day 1657 01:05:52,230 --> 01:05:50,000 at l minus 20 minutes so i 1658 01:05:53,750 --> 01:05:52,240 can't be more proud than all of the 1659 01:05:55,750 --> 01:05:53,760 achievements that you guys have 1660 01:05:57,029 --> 01:05:55,760 have pulled off in the last six and a 1661 01:05:59,109 --> 01:05:57,039 half months 1662 01:06:00,870 --> 01:05:59,119 whatever happens in the next hour and a 1663 01:06:02,069 --> 01:06:00,880 half you can be proud of the 1664 01:06:04,230 --> 01:06:02,079 achievements that you've 1665 01:06:06,069 --> 01:06:04,240 accomplished so far i look forward to 1666 01:06:07,589 --> 01:06:06,079 seeing you on the other side 1667 01:06:09,109 --> 01:06:07,599 and i only wish that the rest of our 1668 01:06:09,670 --> 01:06:09,119 team could be sharing this moment with 1669 01:06:14,309 --> 01:06:09,680 us 1670 01:06:16,549 --> 01:06:14,319 is only as half as full 1671 01:06:17,750 --> 01:06:16,559 as it would be if we weren't in this 1672 01:06:19,589 --> 01:06:17,760 pandemic so 1673 01:06:21,430 --> 01:06:19,599 missing everybody on the team who's not 1674 01:06:35,029 --> 01:06:21,440 with us here today 1675 01:06:35,039 --> 01:06:40,470 and with that godspeed perseverance 1676 01:06:44,710 --> 01:06:43,430 all right activity go ahead and continue 1677 01:06:47,190 --> 01:06:44,720 the report 1678 01:06:49,109 --> 01:06:47,200 sure thing flight we've since completed 1679 01:06:51,510 --> 01:06:49,119 the edl start anchor 1680 01:06:53,670 --> 01:06:51,520 um as i was mentioning we changed our 1681 01:06:55,029 --> 01:06:53,680 cbm row to edl reserve two-way 1682 01:06:57,510 --> 01:06:55,039 non-coherent 1683 01:06:58,870 --> 01:06:57,520 that row reinforces our cbm windows 1684 01:07:01,190 --> 01:06:58,880 disabled 1685 01:07:02,630 --> 01:07:01,200 keeps our packetization on it turns off 1686 01:07:03,589 --> 01:07:02,640 our ranging and switches to the 1687 01:07:05,910 --> 01:07:03,599 auxiliary 1688 01:07:07,750 --> 01:07:05,920 oscillator we have also started our 1689 01:07:10,789 --> 01:07:07,760 real-time data product 1690 01:07:13,589 --> 01:07:10,799 and reinforced medley on 1691 01:07:15,109 --> 01:07:13,599 at this time we now we just heard 1692 01:07:17,670 --> 01:07:15,119 perseverance team leaders 1693 01:07:19,510 --> 01:07:17,680 thank the cruise team for their work in 1694 01:07:22,309 --> 01:07:19,520 guiding the rover to mars 1695 01:07:24,870 --> 01:07:22,319 now did you know the rover name and mars 1696 01:07:27,349 --> 01:07:24,880 helicopter name came from students 1697 01:07:30,069 --> 01:07:27,359 well a couple weeks ago marina was able 1698 01:07:32,950 --> 01:07:30,079 to catch up with them 1699 01:07:35,270 --> 01:07:32,960 thanks raquel earlier this year nasa and 1700 01:07:36,470 --> 01:07:35,280 our partners held a nationwide essay 1701 01:07:39,910 --> 01:07:36,480 contest to name 1702 01:07:41,829 --> 01:07:39,920 our mars rover alex mather a 7th grader 1703 01:07:43,829 --> 01:07:41,839 from springfield virginia 1704 01:07:46,150 --> 01:07:43,839 submitted the winning essay that was 1705 01:07:46,549 --> 01:07:46,160 selected by nasa from a field of more 1706 01:07:50,069 --> 01:07:46,559 than 1707 01:07:52,470 --> 01:07:50,079 28 000 entries from k through 12 1708 01:07:54,950 --> 01:07:52,480 students in every state in the u.s 1709 01:07:56,470 --> 01:07:54,960 vanissa roupani's essay for ingenuity 1710 01:07:58,470 --> 01:07:56,480 was so compelling 1711 01:08:00,630 --> 01:07:58,480 nasa thought it would be a perfect name 1712 01:08:02,630 --> 01:08:00,640 for the history-making helicopter 1713 01:08:04,710 --> 01:08:02,640 a technology demonstration carried 1714 01:08:07,270 --> 01:08:04,720 aboard the perseverance rover 1715 01:08:08,069 --> 01:08:07,280 alex and vanessa join us now welcome you 1716 01:08:12,630 --> 01:08:08,079 guys 1717 01:08:14,789 --> 01:08:12,640 hello space nerds hi 1718 01:08:15,670 --> 01:08:14,799 now you got to go to florida and watch 1719 01:08:18,390 --> 01:08:15,680 the launch 1720 01:08:20,229 --> 01:08:18,400 live back in july alex what were you 1721 01:08:21,590 --> 01:08:20,239 feeling as you saw that rocket launched 1722 01:08:23,910 --> 01:08:21,600 into the sky 1723 01:08:25,189 --> 01:08:23,920 i read a lot of books written by 1724 01:08:27,669 --> 01:08:25,199 astronauts and 1725 01:08:28,470 --> 01:08:27,679 every single one of them always talks 1726 01:08:32,390 --> 01:08:28,480 about 1727 01:08:34,550 --> 01:08:32,400 the raw power behind the space launch 1728 01:08:35,829 --> 01:08:34,560 and i definitely feel like watching the 1729 01:08:39,189 --> 01:08:35,839 launch invoked 1730 01:08:42,309 --> 01:08:39,199 that sense of of well 1731 01:08:44,630 --> 01:08:42,319 inspiration mixed with anticipation 1732 01:08:47,430 --> 01:08:44,640 along with that rumble in my chest 1733 01:08:49,590 --> 01:08:47,440 that's very inspirational and i'm sure 1734 01:08:51,430 --> 01:08:49,600 that you have had many conversations 1735 01:08:52,149 --> 01:08:51,440 with your classmates since this all 1736 01:08:53,430 --> 01:08:52,159 began now 1737 01:08:56,550 --> 01:08:53,440 what kind of questions have they asked 1738 01:08:58,709 --> 01:08:56,560 you i got some people asking me about 1739 01:09:00,630 --> 01:08:58,719 what this helicopter is what this rover 1740 01:09:02,630 --> 01:09:00,640 is what are they actually going to do 1741 01:09:03,990 --> 01:09:02,640 so i love that this whole experience 1742 01:09:05,590 --> 01:09:04,000 sparked a greater interest in the 1743 01:09:07,430 --> 01:09:05,600 mission in my community 1744 01:09:10,550 --> 01:09:07,440 why do you think it's so important for 1745 01:09:13,749 --> 01:09:10,560 kids to be inspired by space exploration 1746 01:09:14,789 --> 01:09:13,759 because space is the future and kids are 1747 01:09:16,950 --> 01:09:14,799 the future 1748 01:09:17,829 --> 01:09:16,960 learning about space and watching the 1749 01:09:20,630 --> 01:09:17,839 story of 1750 01:09:22,550 --> 01:09:20,640 humanity spread to the stars happen is 1751 01:09:25,829 --> 01:09:22,560 watching the future happen 1752 01:09:26,390 --> 01:09:25,839 and seeing history unfold the best way 1753 01:09:28,229 --> 01:09:26,400 to 1754 01:09:29,749 --> 01:09:28,239 keep our homes safe and protect our 1755 01:09:30,550 --> 01:09:29,759 planet is to learn from the worlds 1756 01:09:32,070 --> 01:09:30,560 around it 1757 01:09:33,749 --> 01:09:32,080 so i think it's really important for the 1758 01:09:35,430 --> 01:09:33,759 next generation of scientists to be 1759 01:09:38,390 --> 01:09:35,440 engaged in that type of exploration to 1760 01:09:40,789 --> 01:09:38,400 make our home the best place it can be 1761 01:09:41,829 --> 01:09:40,799 now speaking of the future what has your 1762 01:09:44,229 --> 01:09:41,839 life been like since 1763 01:09:46,390 --> 01:09:44,239 naming the rover and helicopter has it 1764 01:09:48,390 --> 01:09:46,400 sparked any future aspirations for the 1765 01:09:51,510 --> 01:09:48,400 two of you 1766 01:09:53,669 --> 01:09:51,520 oh man i am currently applying to a 1767 01:09:54,550 --> 01:09:53,679 science and technology school for high 1768 01:09:56,709 --> 01:09:54,560 school 1769 01:09:58,070 --> 01:09:56,719 i'm hoping for a nasa internship 1770 01:10:00,950 --> 01:09:58,080 sometime along the way 1771 01:10:02,630 --> 01:10:00,960 with my ultimate goal being to join the 1772 01:10:03,510 --> 01:10:02,640 incredible team of scientists and 1773 01:10:06,149 --> 01:10:03,520 engineers 1774 01:10:07,990 --> 01:10:06,159 who are about to make this happen this 1775 01:10:09,510 --> 01:10:08,000 whole experience has definitely shown me 1776 01:10:10,310 --> 01:10:09,520 that i want to go into the space 1777 01:10:11,990 --> 01:10:10,320 industry 1778 01:10:13,350 --> 01:10:12,000 i came home from florida did all my 1779 01:10:15,750 --> 01:10:13,360 college applications and checked 1780 01:10:17,189 --> 01:10:15,760 aerospace engineering on all the boxes 1781 01:10:18,630 --> 01:10:17,199 i mean the whole time we were there i 1782 01:10:20,390 --> 01:10:18,640 was thinking why would anyone want to do 1783 01:10:23,590 --> 01:10:20,400 anything else 1784 01:10:24,070 --> 01:10:23,600 so true and the best of luck to both of 1785 01:10:28,390 --> 01:10:24,080 you 1786 01:10:30,229 --> 01:10:28,400 today alex and vanessa 1787 01:10:32,229 --> 01:10:30,239 thank you for having us thank you so 1788 01:10:36,470 --> 01:10:32,239 much i had a great time 1789 01:10:38,709 --> 01:10:36,480 now your essays as well as the top 155 1790 01:10:40,149 --> 01:10:38,719 finalist essays are riding on the 1791 01:10:42,630 --> 01:10:40,159 perseverance rover 1792 01:10:43,350 --> 01:10:42,640 along with nearly 11 million of the 1793 01:10:45,750 --> 01:10:43,360 names from 1794 01:10:46,709 --> 01:10:45,760 all over the world that were submitted 1795 01:10:48,630 --> 01:10:46,719 before launch 1796 01:10:50,870 --> 01:10:48,640 and if you miss the chance to get your 1797 01:10:52,790 --> 01:10:50,880 name on perseverance then you will get 1798 01:10:54,149 --> 01:10:52,800 another chance to reserve a spot on the 1799 01:10:56,830 --> 01:10:54,159 next mission to mars 1800 01:10:58,390 --> 01:10:56,840 so make sure that you sign up now at 1801 01:11:01,990 --> 01:10:58,400 mars.nasa.gov 1802 01:11:05,510 --> 01:11:04,229 as virtual celebrations are happening 1803 01:11:07,270 --> 01:11:05,520 all over the globe 1804 01:11:09,750 --> 01:11:07,280 let's take a look at some of your 1805 01:11:11,910 --> 01:11:09,760 submissions on our social channels 1806 01:11:13,750 --> 01:11:11,920 showing us how you're celebrating the 1807 01:11:17,189 --> 01:11:13,760 perseverance landing 1808 01:11:20,310 --> 01:11:17,199 right now and remember to hashtag 1809 01:11:23,669 --> 01:11:20,320 count down to mars and send those in we 1810 01:11:26,310 --> 01:11:23,679 would love to show them off 1811 01:11:27,110 --> 01:11:26,320 look at these kids they are getting so 1812 01:11:28,870 --> 01:11:27,120 excited 1813 01:11:31,189 --> 01:11:28,880 everyone's watching it a lot of 1814 01:11:31,910 --> 01:11:31,199 classrooms are watching it oh and great 1815 01:11:35,030 --> 01:11:31,920 someone 1816 01:11:35,430 --> 01:11:35,040 did a lego version of perseverance which 1817 01:11:38,630 --> 01:11:35,440 is 1818 01:11:40,310 --> 01:11:38,640 awesome it looks fantastic we love 1819 01:11:42,229 --> 01:11:40,320 getting all your pictures out there 1820 01:11:44,070 --> 01:11:42,239 we've gotten a lot of artwork from kids 1821 01:11:46,070 --> 01:11:44,080 which has been great i know i have a 1822 01:11:48,149 --> 01:11:46,080 nine-year-old john at home and he loves 1823 01:11:50,149 --> 01:11:48,159 to draw the rover 1824 01:11:51,669 --> 01:11:50,159 and look at that that is awesome that's 1825 01:11:52,149 --> 01:11:51,679 better than anything i could bake that's 1826 01:11:55,270 --> 01:11:52,159 for sure 1827 01:11:56,310 --> 01:11:55,280 perseverance in a cake that looks so 1828 01:11:59,510 --> 01:11:56,320 great delicious 1829 01:12:05,830 --> 01:12:02,709 another great send-in from david bowie 1830 01:12:09,270 --> 01:12:07,350 thank you so much for your submissions 1831 01:12:11,030 --> 01:12:09,280 remember hashtag countdown to mars we 1832 01:12:12,950 --> 01:12:11,040 love to see how you're celebrating 1833 01:12:14,950 --> 01:12:12,960 now you might know our next guest from 1834 01:12:17,669 --> 01:12:14,960 shows like emily's wonderlab 1835 01:12:18,310 --> 01:12:17,679 joining me now is emily kelandrelli 1836 01:12:21,510 --> 01:12:18,320 thank you 1837 01:12:24,149 --> 01:12:21,520 so much for being here with us today 1838 01:12:26,229 --> 01:12:24,159 hi thanks so much for having me now you 1839 01:12:27,910 --> 01:12:26,239 are very passionate about getting kids 1840 01:12:28,950 --> 01:12:27,920 interested in science and space 1841 01:12:31,270 --> 01:12:28,960 exploration 1842 01:12:33,350 --> 01:12:31,280 why do you think kids are so excited 1843 01:12:35,270 --> 01:12:33,360 about space 1844 01:12:36,950 --> 01:12:35,280 well i know the reason i'm excited about 1845 01:12:38,870 --> 01:12:36,960 space and i think it's the same reason 1846 01:12:39,590 --> 01:12:38,880 that many others are excited about space 1847 01:12:41,990 --> 01:12:39,600 and it's that 1848 01:12:43,110 --> 01:12:42,000 the people in the space industry work to 1849 01:12:45,189 --> 01:12:43,120 answer two 1850 01:12:46,470 --> 01:12:45,199 of the biggest questions that humans 1851 01:12:49,030 --> 01:12:46,480 have ever asked 1852 01:12:50,630 --> 01:12:49,040 are we alone in the universe and where 1853 01:12:52,790 --> 01:12:50,640 did we all come from 1854 01:12:54,310 --> 01:12:52,800 and by sending a rover to mars we are 1855 01:12:56,470 --> 01:12:54,320 gaining evidence 1856 01:12:58,470 --> 01:12:56,480 for the answers to these questions more 1857 01:13:01,350 --> 01:12:58,480 evidence than we ever had before and i 1858 01:13:03,270 --> 01:13:01,360 think that's so exciting 1859 01:13:05,270 --> 01:13:03,280 it is and i know you get loads of 1860 01:13:07,910 --> 01:13:05,280 interesting questions from kids have you 1861 01:13:10,310 --> 01:13:07,920 gotten any about mars specifically 1862 01:13:11,510 --> 01:13:10,320 oh my gosh yes everybody loves smarts 1863 01:13:13,510 --> 01:13:11,520 it's in movies and 1864 01:13:15,110 --> 01:13:13,520 books and tv shows and everybody loves 1865 01:13:16,709 --> 01:13:15,120 mars so one of the things that i get 1866 01:13:17,990 --> 01:13:16,719 asked a lot is that you know it's called 1867 01:13:20,550 --> 01:13:18,000 the red planet 1868 01:13:21,750 --> 01:13:20,560 why is it red well it's red because it's 1869 01:13:24,709 --> 01:13:21,760 literally rusty 1870 01:13:25,910 --> 01:13:24,719 the top layer of soil on mars has iron 1871 01:13:28,149 --> 01:13:25,920 oxide in it or 1872 01:13:29,430 --> 01:13:28,159 rust and rust has that brownish red 1873 01:13:31,910 --> 01:13:29,440 color so it's it's 1874 01:13:32,550 --> 01:13:31,920 red because it's rusty and also because 1875 01:13:35,189 --> 01:13:32,560 it's red 1876 01:13:35,910 --> 01:13:35,199 they ask is it red hot is it really hot 1877 01:13:38,070 --> 01:13:35,920 on mars 1878 01:13:39,910 --> 01:13:38,080 and well no actually it's colder than 1879 01:13:41,270 --> 01:13:39,920 the earth it's farther away from the sun 1880 01:13:42,630 --> 01:13:41,280 so as you would imagine it's a little 1881 01:13:45,350 --> 01:13:42,640 bit colder than the earth 1882 01:13:46,870 --> 01:13:45,360 it also has a really thin atmosphere so 1883 01:13:49,430 --> 01:13:46,880 the heat that it does have 1884 01:13:50,470 --> 01:13:49,440 it has a hard time keeping in um and so 1885 01:13:52,390 --> 01:13:50,480 it's a little bit colder 1886 01:13:54,550 --> 01:13:52,400 but then i also get asked what would i 1887 01:13:55,110 --> 01:13:54,560 weigh on mars that's a really fun 1888 01:13:57,510 --> 01:13:55,120 question 1889 01:13:59,270 --> 01:13:57,520 so on mars it's a little bit smaller 1890 01:14:00,149 --> 01:13:59,280 than the earth so the gravity there is 1891 01:14:01,750 --> 01:14:00,159 weaker it's about 1892 01:14:03,590 --> 01:14:01,760 three-eighths the gravity that we have 1893 01:14:05,189 --> 01:14:03,600 here on earth so if you wait a hundred 1894 01:14:07,270 --> 01:14:05,199 pounds here on earth you'd weigh 38 1895 01:14:07,669 --> 01:14:07,280 pounds on mars or 100 kilograms here on 1896 01:14:10,790 --> 01:14:07,679 earth 1897 01:14:12,470 --> 01:14:10,800 38 kilograms on mars 1898 01:14:13,990 --> 01:14:12,480 those are all super fun i think even 1899 01:14:15,910 --> 01:14:14,000 some adults want to know the answers to 1900 01:14:17,830 --> 01:14:15,920 those questions emily 1901 01:14:19,830 --> 01:14:17,840 now why do you think it's so important 1902 01:14:22,870 --> 01:14:19,840 to educate kids about science and 1903 01:14:25,990 --> 01:14:22,880 give them that great foundation 1904 01:14:27,669 --> 01:14:26,000 well science is the language of nature 1905 01:14:28,229 --> 01:14:27,679 and learning about science and learning 1906 01:14:30,310 --> 01:14:28,239 how to 1907 01:14:32,070 --> 01:14:30,320 think like a scientist means you are 1908 01:14:34,470 --> 01:14:32,080 learning how to systematically 1909 01:14:36,149 --> 01:14:34,480 seek out truth in the world you are 1910 01:14:37,910 --> 01:14:36,159 learning the scientific method you're 1911 01:14:40,070 --> 01:14:37,920 learning how to be a critical thinker 1912 01:14:41,590 --> 01:14:40,080 and honestly those skills are great for 1913 01:14:42,790 --> 01:14:41,600 whatever you end up wanting to do in 1914 01:14:44,630 --> 01:14:42,800 life 1915 01:14:46,950 --> 01:14:44,640 true if you want to be a scientist or an 1916 01:14:49,669 --> 01:14:46,960 opera singer that holds true what are 1917 01:14:52,870 --> 01:14:49,679 you most excited about today 1918 01:14:55,030 --> 01:14:52,880 i mean humans are launching a robot to 1919 01:14:56,950 --> 01:14:55,040 mars that doesn't happen every day i 1920 01:14:58,870 --> 01:14:56,960 think in all of the hecticness that is 1921 01:15:00,630 --> 01:14:58,880 going on today and all of the nerves 1922 01:15:03,270 --> 01:15:00,640 i just hope everyone can take a moment 1923 01:15:03,910 --> 01:15:03,280 to sit back and remember that we live in 1924 01:15:05,990 --> 01:15:03,920 a time 1925 01:15:07,669 --> 01:15:06,000 when humans have the ability to send a 1926 01:15:11,030 --> 01:15:07,679 robot to another planet 1927 01:15:13,830 --> 01:15:11,040 and that is just that's so cool to me 1928 01:15:16,070 --> 01:15:13,840 it is very cool emily take a deep breath 1929 01:15:18,070 --> 01:15:16,080 thanks for joining us here 1930 01:15:19,669 --> 01:15:18,080 thanks for having me sending it back to 1931 01:15:22,950 --> 01:15:19,679 you now raquel 1932 01:15:23,990 --> 01:15:22,960 thanks marina we are offering lots of 1933 01:15:26,630 --> 01:15:24,000 ways to ride along 1934 01:15:27,750 --> 01:15:26,640 with us to mars now put yourself right 1935 01:15:30,390 --> 01:15:27,760 into the action now 1936 01:15:32,229 --> 01:15:30,400 with our perseverance photo booth you 1937 01:15:34,709 --> 01:15:32,239 can pose next to the rover 1938 01:15:36,630 --> 01:15:34,719 place yourself in our mission control 1939 01:15:39,350 --> 01:15:36,640 and even see what you might look like 1940 01:15:41,270 --> 01:15:39,360 taking a selfie on the red planet 1941 01:15:43,510 --> 01:15:41,280 there you'll also have a chance to sign 1942 01:15:46,229 --> 01:15:43,520 up to send your name to mars on nasa's 1943 01:15:47,950 --> 01:15:46,239 next flight to the red planet it's all 1944 01:15:50,390 --> 01:15:47,960 available at 1945 01:15:54,390 --> 01:15:50,400 go.nasa.gov mars 1946 01:15:57,430 --> 01:15:54,400 2020 toolkit and joining us now 1947 01:15:57,990 --> 01:15:57,440 is jpl chief engineer and landing 1948 01:16:00,709 --> 01:15:58,000 veteran 1949 01:16:01,830 --> 01:16:00,719 rob manning he will be breaking down key 1950 01:16:04,149 --> 01:16:01,840 moments coming up 1951 01:16:06,790 --> 01:16:04,159 and very few people know more about 1952 01:16:10,310 --> 01:16:06,800 landing on mars than rob going back to 1953 01:16:12,709 --> 01:16:10,320 the pathfinder mission in 1997. 1954 01:16:14,310 --> 01:16:12,719 thanks for joining us today rob thank 1955 01:16:16,630 --> 01:16:14,320 you very much raquel for 1956 01:16:17,830 --> 01:16:16,640 for having me here and what a wonderful 1957 01:16:19,750 --> 01:16:17,840 experience 1958 01:16:21,350 --> 01:16:19,760 what a wonderful day for a beautiful day 1959 01:16:23,270 --> 01:16:21,360 in california 1960 01:16:24,470 --> 01:16:23,280 we we're just all so excited here 1961 01:16:27,110 --> 01:16:24,480 anxious worried 1962 01:16:29,030 --> 01:16:27,120 but very hopeful rob i have a question 1963 01:16:29,990 --> 01:16:29,040 for you there is a landing tradition at 1964 01:16:32,870 --> 01:16:30,000 jpl that 1965 01:16:34,870 --> 01:16:32,880 involves eating peanuts for good luck 1966 01:16:37,270 --> 01:16:34,880 can you tell us how did that start 1967 01:16:38,310 --> 01:16:37,280 yes it started in the in the mid 1960s 1968 01:16:40,550 --> 01:16:38,320 what happened was 1969 01:16:42,550 --> 01:16:40,560 we had a series of missions that had 1970 01:16:43,990 --> 01:16:42,560 failures the ranger program in the early 1971 01:16:45,910 --> 01:16:44,000 1960s 1972 01:16:47,750 --> 01:16:45,920 one after another failed and what 1973 01:16:49,189 --> 01:16:47,760 happened was one day a fellow by the 1974 01:16:51,750 --> 01:16:49,199 name of dick wallace on the 1975 01:16:52,470 --> 01:16:51,760 on ranger number seven on the seventh 1976 01:16:55,110 --> 01:16:52,480 attempt 1977 01:16:55,990 --> 01:16:55,120 decided to bring peanuts to the ops area 1978 01:16:58,310 --> 01:16:56,000 just before the 1979 01:17:00,149 --> 01:16:58,320 before the launch and guess what that 1980 01:17:02,149 --> 01:17:00,159 mission worked now we're not supposed to 1981 01:17:03,910 --> 01:17:02,159 be too super superstitious we're 1982 01:17:05,750 --> 01:17:03,920 engineers and scientists after all 1983 01:17:07,830 --> 01:17:05,760 but we love tradition and ever since 1984 01:17:09,350 --> 01:17:07,840 then before launch and before critical 1985 01:17:10,709 --> 01:17:09,360 events like enter descent landing we 1986 01:17:11,430 --> 01:17:10,719 have brought out peanuts and shared them 1987 01:17:13,030 --> 01:17:11,440 with the team 1988 01:17:14,470 --> 01:17:13,040 and it's been really a wonderful little 1989 01:17:15,990 --> 01:17:14,480 experience and and so 1990 01:17:17,750 --> 01:17:16,000 this is something we uh we'll do we're 1991 01:17:19,350 --> 01:17:17,760 doing right now and uh 1992 01:17:20,950 --> 01:17:19,360 and it's something that we just can't 1993 01:17:22,310 --> 01:17:20,960 help ourselves it's just part of the 1994 01:17:26,229 --> 01:17:22,320 experience 1995 01:17:27,910 --> 01:17:26,239 did the perseverance team keep the 1996 01:17:29,669 --> 01:17:27,920 tradition alive this year 1997 01:17:31,110 --> 01:17:29,679 well this year we're passed out little 1998 01:17:33,030 --> 01:17:31,120 packets of penis to the team 1999 01:17:34,470 --> 01:17:33,040 and they can sneak a pen one peanut in 2000 01:17:36,390 --> 01:17:34,480 their mouth for uh 2001 01:17:37,990 --> 01:17:36,400 as part of to keep the tradition alive 2002 01:17:40,070 --> 01:17:38,000 but you know this is part of the covet 2003 01:17:42,149 --> 01:17:40,080 experience but we can't leave this one 2004 01:17:43,189 --> 01:17:42,159 undone so this is what we're doing and 2005 01:17:45,669 --> 01:17:43,199 we're and uh 2006 01:17:46,229 --> 01:17:45,679 and this is going to help us land safely 2007 01:17:47,990 --> 01:17:46,239 all right 2008 01:17:49,590 --> 01:17:48,000 thanks rob i have some questions for you 2009 01:17:51,110 --> 01:17:49,600 a little later on but we are heading 2010 01:17:53,350 --> 01:17:51,120 back to swati mohan who 2011 01:17:55,510 --> 01:17:53,360 is part of the landing team she'll be 2012 01:17:56,310 --> 01:17:55,520 calling out key milestone and events as 2013 01:17:58,310 --> 01:17:56,320 they happen 2014 01:18:02,149 --> 01:17:58,320 from mission control so let's listen in 2015 01:18:06,310 --> 01:18:04,070 so right now we're still about 20 2016 01:18:06,870 --> 01:18:06,320 minutes from entry and the edl phase is 2017 01:18:09,990 --> 01:18:06,880 giving 2018 01:18:13,830 --> 01:18:10,000 a last minute 2019 01:18:17,110 --> 01:18:13,840 confirmation of what will be happening 2020 01:18:20,709 --> 01:18:17,120 in the upcoming changes to the vehicle 2021 01:18:25,189 --> 01:18:23,590 and this will allow us to steer our 2022 01:18:26,709 --> 01:18:25,199 trajectory 2023 01:18:28,550 --> 01:18:26,719 as we make our way through the 2024 01:18:31,350 --> 01:18:28,560 atmosphere 2025 01:18:33,350 --> 01:18:31,360 and this is one of the things that 2026 01:18:38,470 --> 01:18:33,360 allowed 2027 01:18:42,790 --> 01:18:40,790 land where it did and we're depending on 2028 01:18:45,189 --> 01:18:42,800 the same type of entry guidance 2029 01:18:48,310 --> 01:18:45,199 this time around to help get us very 2030 01:18:52,070 --> 01:18:51,189 as we make our way through entry finish 2031 01:18:56,229 --> 01:18:52,080 the 2032 01:18:58,630 --> 01:18:56,239 finish our guided entry profile 2033 01:18:59,830 --> 01:18:58,640 we'll do a maneuver called heading 2034 01:19:03,510 --> 01:18:59,840 alignment where we 2035 01:19:06,470 --> 01:19:03,520 point toward the target and get ready to 2036 01:19:08,149 --> 01:19:06,480 deploy the parachute but before we 2037 01:19:11,189 --> 01:19:08,159 deploy the parachute 2038 01:19:14,630 --> 01:19:11,199 we need to get rid of a set 2039 01:19:17,669 --> 01:19:14,640 of balance passes that have been 2040 01:19:19,350 --> 01:19:17,679 giving us a center of gravity or cg 2041 01:19:22,070 --> 01:19:19,360 offset 2042 01:19:23,510 --> 01:19:22,080 throughout the guided entry phase so 2043 01:19:26,470 --> 01:19:23,520 these are called 2044 01:19:28,790 --> 01:19:26,480 the uh the enter balance masses we also 2045 01:19:31,590 --> 01:19:28,800 call this maneuver 2046 01:19:32,790 --> 01:19:31,600 suffer s-u-f-r or straighten up and fly 2047 01:19:36,070 --> 01:19:32,800 right 2048 01:19:39,350 --> 01:19:36,080 so we'll go ahead and eject those masses 2049 01:19:40,470 --> 01:19:39,360 when we get a trigger from the gnc 2050 01:19:42,630 --> 01:19:40,480 system 2051 01:19:44,870 --> 01:19:42,640 telling us that we're at the appropriate 2052 01:19:48,790 --> 01:19:44,880 range to the target to do so 2053 01:19:52,149 --> 01:19:48,800 as soon as we deploy those we will 2054 01:19:54,070 --> 01:19:52,159 no longer have a cg offset and 2055 01:20:00,709 --> 01:19:54,080 we'll be ready to deploy the parachute 2056 01:20:03,990 --> 01:20:02,470 right where the perseverance team is 2057 01:20:07,270 --> 01:20:04,000 sitting now what's 2058 01:20:10,149 --> 01:20:07,280 in store for them as we approach landing 2059 01:20:10,790 --> 01:20:10,159 i'm going to hold here for uh video prep 2060 01:20:20,229 --> 01:20:10,800 as 2061 01:20:23,510 --> 01:20:20,239 that out when it's ready 2062 01:20:37,189 --> 01:20:23,520 copy flip the announcement now 2063 01:20:41,830 --> 01:20:40,229 all right now rob uh you've been right 2064 01:20:42,229 --> 01:20:41,840 where the perseverance team is sitting 2065 01:20:44,709 --> 01:20:42,239 now 2066 01:20:46,390 --> 01:20:44,719 uh what's in store for them as we 2067 01:20:48,790 --> 01:20:46,400 approach landing 2068 01:20:49,830 --> 01:20:48,800 well this is the really this is the nail 2069 01:20:51,750 --> 01:20:49,840 biting time 2070 01:20:53,430 --> 01:20:51,760 um fortunately we still have ones and 2071 01:20:55,350 --> 01:20:53,440 zeros coming but very soon as we 2072 01:20:57,590 --> 01:20:55,360 approach cruise stage separation 2073 01:20:59,030 --> 01:20:57,600 the the transmitter on this rover that's 2074 01:21:02,149 --> 01:20:59,040 been we've been using all the way to get 2075 01:21:04,790 --> 01:21:02,159 to mars is going to be turned off 2076 01:21:06,149 --> 01:21:04,800 so and we will lose our ability to see 2077 01:21:07,590 --> 01:21:06,159 ones and zeros but the good thing 2078 01:21:09,590 --> 01:21:07,600 is once the cruise stage is gone there's 2079 01:21:13,110 --> 01:21:09,600 another radio that will continue 2080 01:21:14,629 --> 01:21:13,120 transmitting uh a tone so that like a 2081 01:21:16,229 --> 01:21:14,639 flashlight that will allow us to see at 2082 01:21:18,229 --> 01:21:16,239 least see that the vehicle is still 2083 01:21:19,669 --> 01:21:18,239 on and that and then and that color of 2084 01:21:20,470 --> 01:21:19,679 that flashlight tells us a little bit 2085 01:21:23,189 --> 01:21:20,480 what state 2086 01:21:25,030 --> 01:21:23,199 this the rover's in but soon after that 2087 01:21:27,030 --> 01:21:25,040 um it won't be very long before 2088 01:21:29,350 --> 01:21:27,040 we'll be able to hear more ones and 2089 01:21:30,870 --> 01:21:29,360 zeros coming from the spacecraft 2090 01:21:32,709 --> 01:21:30,880 so this is a really exciting time and 2091 01:21:33,590 --> 01:21:32,719 and it's just important to remind people 2092 01:21:35,189 --> 01:21:33,600 this is a 2093 01:21:37,030 --> 01:21:35,199 uh there's a lot that can go wrong in a 2094 01:21:39,110 --> 01:21:37,040 day like today there are thousands of 2095 01:21:41,430 --> 01:21:39,120 things that have to go right 2096 01:21:42,229 --> 01:21:41,440 yeah we had success in the past landing 2097 01:21:44,070 --> 01:21:42,239 on mars 2098 01:21:46,550 --> 01:21:44,080 you'd think it gets easier but it really 2099 01:21:48,950 --> 01:21:46,560 doesn't why is it still so difficult 2100 01:21:50,550 --> 01:21:48,960 well it's well because it's involved 2101 01:21:52,229 --> 01:21:50,560 thousands and thousands i think hundreds 2102 01:21:54,790 --> 01:21:52,239 of thousands of lines of code 2103 01:21:56,070 --> 01:21:54,800 we there there is uh there's 79 2104 01:21:59,189 --> 01:21:56,080 pyrotechnic devices 2105 01:22:00,550 --> 01:21:59,199 each have to work perfectly one critical 2106 01:22:02,790 --> 01:22:00,560 wire short or one 2107 01:22:04,870 --> 01:22:02,800 key thing mechanism that doesn't work or 2108 01:22:07,669 --> 01:22:04,880 breaks and it's mission over 2109 01:22:09,590 --> 01:22:07,679 and so it's you know and and so and and 2110 01:22:10,470 --> 01:22:09,600 it's very easy we're human beings we're 2111 01:22:13,430 --> 01:22:10,480 not perfect 2112 01:22:14,229 --> 01:22:13,440 mistakes can be made we each count on 2113 01:22:18,390 --> 01:22:14,239 each other 2114 01:22:21,189 --> 01:22:18,400 to to find our own mistakes and and we 2115 01:22:23,350 --> 01:22:21,199 work very hard to to learn from the 2116 01:22:25,110 --> 01:22:23,360 mistakes of the past 2117 01:22:27,430 --> 01:22:25,120 we've had many failures half remind 2118 01:22:29,990 --> 01:22:27,440 people roughly half little 2119 01:22:31,669 --> 01:22:30,000 around half of the missions to mars over 2120 01:22:33,910 --> 01:22:31,679 history have failed 2121 01:22:35,430 --> 01:22:33,920 um and so it's it's it's that could 2122 01:22:36,390 --> 01:22:35,440 happen today too even though we've had a 2123 01:22:38,550 --> 01:22:36,400 nice wonderful 2124 01:22:39,590 --> 01:22:38,560 string of successes in the united states 2125 01:22:42,790 --> 01:22:39,600 it's still 2126 01:22:43,270 --> 01:22:42,800 a a still a bit of a gamble a gamble 2127 01:22:45,030 --> 01:22:43,280 that we've 2128 01:22:46,470 --> 01:22:45,040 we have hoped that we have we have aired 2129 01:22:48,870 --> 01:22:46,480 in the side of luck 2130 01:22:49,990 --> 01:22:48,880 and and and we've stacked the dice that 2131 01:22:52,470 --> 01:22:50,000 stacked the deck 2132 01:22:53,430 --> 01:22:52,480 and loaded the dice to make this thing 2133 01:22:56,390 --> 01:22:53,440 succeed 2134 01:22:58,149 --> 01:22:56,400 um but um if we do if we do fail and 2135 01:22:59,750 --> 01:22:58,159 something bad happens today 2136 01:23:01,590 --> 01:22:59,760 i can tell you we're going to learn it 2137 01:23:01,990 --> 01:23:01,600 we'll have the data that tell us what 2138 01:23:04,629 --> 01:23:02,000 happened 2139 01:23:05,990 --> 01:23:04,639 we'll know why we'll figure it out and 2140 01:23:08,070 --> 01:23:06,000 and if we 2141 01:23:09,910 --> 01:23:08,080 are allowed we will pick ourselves up 2142 01:23:12,470 --> 01:23:09,920 and get us back on the horse 2143 01:23:13,750 --> 01:23:12,480 and if congress and nasa allow we will 2144 01:23:15,510 --> 01:23:13,760 try again 2145 01:23:17,430 --> 01:23:15,520 as we always do we will learn from our 2146 01:23:19,590 --> 01:23:17,440 mistakes and 2147 01:23:21,430 --> 01:23:19,600 what are the possible scenarios we could 2148 01:23:24,470 --> 01:23:21,440 be looking at today 2149 01:23:25,350 --> 01:23:24,480 well there's things things like uh one 2150 01:23:27,110 --> 01:23:25,360 of the key 2151 01:23:28,550 --> 01:23:27,120 stressful elements for all of us is 2152 01:23:30,149 --> 01:23:28,560 parachute inflation 2153 01:23:31,990 --> 01:23:30,159 uh but just even separating from the 2154 01:23:34,550 --> 01:23:32,000 cruise stage is a pretty major event 2155 01:23:36,790 --> 01:23:34,560 lots of devices have to work properly 2156 01:23:37,910 --> 01:23:36,800 certainly on the heat shield separation 2157 01:23:39,669 --> 01:23:37,920 again getting the 2158 01:23:41,430 --> 01:23:39,679 descent engine started there's no less 2159 01:23:43,990 --> 01:23:41,440 than than uh uh 2160 01:23:45,110 --> 01:23:44,000 16 and rocket motors that have to work 2161 01:23:47,270 --> 01:23:45,120 uh one 2162 01:23:49,189 --> 01:23:47,280 eight to control during entry another 2163 01:23:51,189 --> 01:23:49,199 eight to control it during landing 2164 01:23:52,709 --> 01:23:51,199 i said it's a lot of stuff and it all 2165 01:23:54,870 --> 01:23:52,719 has to work and guess what 2166 01:23:57,110 --> 01:23:54,880 we haven't done this before with this 2167 01:23:58,550 --> 01:23:57,120 vehicle ever this is this first attempt 2168 01:24:00,950 --> 01:23:58,560 to actually land 2169 01:24:02,629 --> 01:24:00,960 we can't try this on earth we can't do 2170 01:24:04,550 --> 01:24:02,639 we don't have test pies to try it out on 2171 01:24:05,830 --> 01:24:04,560 this planet before the big show 2172 01:24:07,189 --> 01:24:05,840 so this vehicle is doing it for the 2173 01:24:08,709 --> 01:24:07,199 first time we've done the best testing 2174 01:24:10,629 --> 01:24:08,719 we can do in bits and pieces 2175 01:24:12,229 --> 01:24:10,639 but you know it's it's as best as we 2176 01:24:14,310 --> 01:24:12,239 could do and and uh 2177 01:24:16,390 --> 01:24:14,320 but i think our team is up to it we've 2178 01:24:18,790 --> 01:24:16,400 this team is the best it's a diverse 2179 01:24:20,149 --> 01:24:18,800 intelligent amazing group of people uh 2180 01:24:21,030 --> 01:24:20,159 people from all over the world who 2181 01:24:22,790 --> 01:24:21,040 worked on this 2182 01:24:24,310 --> 01:24:22,800 not just here in california but all over 2183 01:24:26,470 --> 01:24:24,320 nasa contributors 2184 01:24:27,430 --> 01:24:26,480 from aerospace universities countries 2185 01:24:29,669 --> 01:24:27,440 around the world 2186 01:24:30,870 --> 01:24:29,679 it is just an incredible remarkable 2187 01:24:33,830 --> 01:24:30,880 engineering achievement 2188 01:24:34,790 --> 01:24:33,840 and i am just so proud of this team 2189 01:24:39,830 --> 01:24:34,800 thanks rob now 2190 01:24:44,470 --> 01:24:42,790 all right we're about 14 minutes from 2191 01:24:47,510 --> 01:24:44,480 entry interface 2192 01:24:50,149 --> 01:24:47,520 the vehicle is currently preparing 2193 01:24:51,669 --> 01:24:50,159 the heat rejection system that has kept 2194 01:24:53,510 --> 01:24:51,679 the thermal system cool inside the 2195 01:24:55,030 --> 01:24:53,520 aeroshell for about the last six months 2196 01:24:56,629 --> 01:24:55,040 this will allow the spacecraft to more 2197 01:24:58,790 --> 01:24:56,639 easily cut the line 2198 01:25:07,510 --> 01:24:58,800 in upcoming cruise stage separation 2199 01:25:15,750 --> 01:25:13,110 we have now enabled the rover pyrobus 2200 01:25:16,470 --> 01:25:15,760 that's the pyrotechnic uh system um that 2201 01:25:19,350 --> 01:25:16,480 that was 2202 01:25:20,070 --> 01:25:19,360 powering off the cruise stage devices 2203 01:25:21,350 --> 01:25:20,080 and these are the 2204 01:25:23,110 --> 01:25:21,360 these are the things in the cruise stage 2205 01:25:24,790 --> 01:25:23,120 that will that we no longer need 2206 01:25:26,229 --> 01:25:24,800 with the pyrotechnic system working we 2207 01:25:27,750 --> 01:25:26,239 can you can we can 2208 01:25:29,669 --> 01:25:27,760 explode the devices the vehicle is 2209 01:25:30,470 --> 01:25:29,679 preparing for the upcoming cruise stage 2210 01:25:33,669 --> 01:25:30,480 operation 2211 01:25:36,229 --> 01:25:33,679 in about 3 minutes 15 seconds 2212 01:25:37,830 --> 01:25:36,239 by powering off all the devices on the 2213 01:25:40,310 --> 01:25:37,840 cruise stage in order that 2214 01:25:44,950 --> 01:25:40,320 they can be safe once the cruise stage 2215 01:25:49,510 --> 01:25:47,030 yeah this is a this is a this cruise 2216 01:25:52,070 --> 01:25:49,520 stage has been very reliable 2217 01:25:55,189 --> 01:25:52,080 we are firing our first pyros to vent 2218 01:25:57,110 --> 01:25:55,199 the hrs liquid and gas 2219 01:25:58,390 --> 01:25:57,120 ah this has been the coolant that's kept 2220 01:26:00,070 --> 01:25:58,400 their vehicle from getting too hot in 2221 01:26:05,270 --> 01:26:00,080 the way of mars 2222 01:26:09,189 --> 01:26:07,669 and so this is one of the first major 2223 01:26:11,550 --> 01:26:09,199 events that take place as part of entry 2224 01:26:15,030 --> 01:26:11,560 descent landing 2225 01:26:16,790 --> 01:26:15,040 phrases complete we will see the next 2226 01:26:21,030 --> 01:26:16,800 anchor in approximately 2227 01:26:25,750 --> 01:26:23,189 okay we are currently 12 and a half 2228 01:26:27,270 --> 01:26:25,760 minutes from entry interface 2229 01:26:32,390 --> 01:26:27,280 we are coming up on cruise stage 2230 01:26:36,390 --> 01:26:35,350 what's happening now rob okay just we're 2231 01:26:39,350 --> 01:26:36,400 just waiting the 2232 01:26:40,790 --> 01:26:39,360 the the rover is completely in charge 2233 01:26:42,229 --> 01:26:40,800 it's doing all the things we've taught 2234 01:26:43,430 --> 01:26:42,239 it how to do it's all built into the 2235 01:26:45,590 --> 01:26:43,440 software we've tested it 2236 01:26:46,470 --> 01:26:45,600 over and over and over again this team 2237 01:26:49,189 --> 01:26:46,480 has spent 2238 01:26:50,070 --> 01:26:49,199 24 hours a day seven days a week testing 2239 01:26:53,030 --> 01:26:50,080 this thing 2240 01:26:54,550 --> 01:26:53,040 for years and and and so this is uh this 2241 01:26:56,149 --> 01:26:54,560 is really the culmination of all that 2242 01:26:58,070 --> 01:26:56,159 work so this vehicle is 2243 01:26:59,510 --> 01:26:58,080 is gonna is getting ready to push that 2244 01:27:02,709 --> 01:26:59,520 cruise stage away 2245 01:27:04,629 --> 01:27:02,719 uh once it gets pushed away um it it the 2246 01:27:06,229 --> 01:27:04,639 entry system with the rover inside with 2247 01:27:08,070 --> 01:27:06,239 the rover is still in charge 2248 01:27:10,149 --> 01:27:08,080 it's going to get ready to take the 2249 01:27:10,790 --> 01:27:10,159 vehicle turn it to the right orientation 2250 01:27:19,990 --> 01:27:10,800 and 2251 01:27:24,470 --> 01:27:23,030 this won't be long um be prepared for 2252 01:27:25,030 --> 01:27:24,480 this event taking about a minute and a 2253 01:27:28,550 --> 01:27:25,040 half 2254 01:27:32,550 --> 01:27:28,560 from mistake separation about 11 minutes 2255 01:27:34,790 --> 01:27:32,560 20 seconds from entry interface 2256 01:27:36,390 --> 01:27:34,800 okay so it's about 10 minutes from 2257 01:27:37,510 --> 01:27:36,400 cruising separation until it entering 2258 01:27:41,669 --> 01:27:37,520 the top of the atmosphere 2259 01:27:41,679 --> 01:27:45,350 telemetry will have stopped 2260 01:27:49,510 --> 01:27:47,030 telecom is confirming that the 2261 01:27:52,390 --> 01:27:49,520 spacecraft has switched to broadcasting 2262 01:27:53,990 --> 01:27:52,400 tones these tones are received directly 2263 01:27:56,550 --> 01:27:54,000 from perseverance but have 2264 01:27:57,750 --> 01:27:56,560 very limited information content we 2265 01:28:01,910 --> 01:27:57,760 won't receive 2266 01:28:05,510 --> 01:28:03,830 nine ten minutes from now once the mars 2267 01:28:07,110 --> 01:28:05,520 reconnaissance orbiter 2268 01:28:09,510 --> 01:28:07,120 starts relaying information from 2269 01:28:10,950 --> 01:28:09,520 perseverance we are under a minute from 2270 01:28:12,830 --> 01:28:10,960 cruise stage separation 2271 01:28:15,189 --> 01:28:12,840 about ten and a half minutes from entry 2272 01:28:17,189 --> 01:28:15,199 interface 2273 01:28:19,030 --> 01:28:17,199 it's getting exciting i have to admit i 2274 01:28:21,110 --> 01:28:19,040 am quite anxious 2275 01:28:22,070 --> 01:28:21,120 uh but very hopeful this machine is 2276 01:28:25,030 --> 01:28:22,080 going to do what we asked 2277 01:28:25,910 --> 01:28:25,040 you're seeing the heartbeat tones okay 2278 01:28:27,350 --> 01:28:25,920 that means that we 2279 01:28:28,709 --> 01:28:27,360 there's no more ones and zeros coming 2280 01:28:39,189 --> 01:28:28,719 it's just the vehicle telling us it's 2281 01:28:42,629 --> 01:28:41,110 they're continuing to receive tones from 2282 01:29:04,229 --> 01:28:42,639 perseverance coming 2283 01:29:08,830 --> 01:29:05,830 we have indication that cruise stage 2284 01:29:13,030 --> 01:29:08,840 separation has been confirmed by the 2285 01:29:17,030 --> 01:29:15,189 we're off on a good start in about one 2286 01:29:18,550 --> 01:29:17,040 minute press advances landing software 2287 01:29:20,229 --> 01:29:18,560 will wake up and begin the final 2288 01:29:22,550 --> 01:29:20,239 preparations for entry 2289 01:29:23,990 --> 01:29:22,560 the first action it will do is to fire 2290 01:29:26,550 --> 01:29:24,000 warm-up pulses with 2291 01:29:28,470 --> 01:29:26,560 entry thrusters these pulses ensure that 2292 01:29:30,629 --> 01:29:28,480 the spacecraft gets the thrust that it 2293 01:29:36,830 --> 01:29:30,639 wants during entry interface 2294 01:29:40,870 --> 01:29:38,870 interface 2295 01:29:42,390 --> 01:29:40,880 okay so now the vehicle's on its own 2296 01:29:43,350 --> 01:29:42,400 it's gonna it's turning itself into the 2297 01:29:45,910 --> 01:29:43,360 direction of 2298 01:29:46,470 --> 01:29:45,920 facing the heat shield toward mars and 2299 01:29:51,270 --> 01:29:46,480 uh 2300 01:29:52,629 --> 01:29:51,280 top of the atmosphere we're not far away 2301 01:30:00,229 --> 01:29:52,639 this is going to go very quickly from 2302 01:30:05,030 --> 01:30:02,550 i have confirmation that we got shadowed 2303 01:30:07,750 --> 01:30:05,040 by the cruise stage 2304 01:30:10,790 --> 01:30:07,760 as it uh passed through our beam to the 2305 01:30:15,510 --> 01:30:13,030 telecom indicated actually that we could 2306 01:30:16,790 --> 01:30:15,520 see a signal that the crew stage went 2307 01:30:19,110 --> 01:30:16,800 between 2308 01:30:21,189 --> 01:30:19,120 the perseverance engine capsule and 2309 01:30:24,629 --> 01:30:21,199 earth so we saw a little blip 2310 01:30:28,149 --> 01:30:24,639 uh the data stream indicating the 2311 01:30:31,830 --> 01:30:30,149 we have confirmation that the vehicle 2312 01:30:33,350 --> 01:30:31,840 has started warming up those entry 2313 01:30:42,950 --> 01:30:33,360 thrusters 2314 01:30:46,390 --> 01:30:45,590 at this point the spacecraft is trying 2315 01:30:49,189 --> 01:30:46,400 to stop 2316 01:30:51,030 --> 01:30:49,199 its spin from the cruise two revolutions 2317 01:30:52,870 --> 01:30:51,040 per minute down to zero 2318 01:30:54,229 --> 01:30:52,880 and then we'll turn to its desired 2319 01:30:57,990 --> 01:30:54,239 orientation from 2320 01:30:59,750 --> 01:30:58,000 entry it will separate the two balance 2321 01:31:00,629 --> 01:30:59,760 maps that have kept it balanced during 2322 01:31:02,149 --> 01:31:00,639 all of cruise 2323 01:31:03,830 --> 01:31:02,159 this will allow the entry capsule to 2324 01:31:05,910 --> 01:31:03,840 have lift when 2325 01:31:07,110 --> 01:31:05,920 it enters the atmosphere we have 2326 01:31:10,229 --> 01:31:07,120 competition that 2327 01:31:13,189 --> 01:31:10,239 has turned to the desire entry 2328 01:31:18,790 --> 01:31:13,199 attitude we are about seven and a half 2329 01:31:21,990 --> 01:31:20,870 okay the vehicle is pointed in the right 2330 01:31:24,310 --> 01:31:22,000 direction 2331 01:31:25,510 --> 01:31:24,320 thrusters are warmed up and doing their 2332 01:31:28,870 --> 01:31:25,520 job 2333 01:31:30,550 --> 01:31:28,880 and now now if we've spun down from 2334 01:31:32,229 --> 01:31:30,560 the two revolutions per minute that the 2335 01:31:34,709 --> 01:31:32,239 vehicle had the whole way to on the way 2336 01:31:36,709 --> 01:31:34,719 to mars is a spin stabilized spacecraft 2337 01:31:37,990 --> 01:31:36,719 and then from here on out it's going to 2338 01:31:39,910 --> 01:31:38,000 just be a bullet 2339 01:31:41,430 --> 01:31:39,920 and it's going to control its orient 2340 01:31:43,750 --> 01:31:41,440 orientation and attitude 2341 01:31:45,430 --> 01:31:43,760 via rockets on the back of points 2342 01:31:48,709 --> 01:31:45,440 carrier lock 2343 01:31:51,430 --> 01:31:48,719 sorry the dte from uh 2344 01:31:53,430 --> 01:31:51,440 radio science from uh green bank reports 2345 01:32:00,070 --> 01:31:53,440 carry a lot 2346 01:32:03,910 --> 01:32:03,510 flight level one we are continuing to 2347 01:32:05,830 --> 01:32:03,920 wait 2348 01:32:08,229 --> 01:32:05,840 for entry interface for about six 2349 01:32:09,590 --> 01:32:08,239 minutes and 45 seconds from entry 2350 01:32:12,390 --> 01:32:09,600 interface 2351 01:32:13,430 --> 01:32:12,400 we have confirmation from greenback that 2352 01:32:16,709 --> 01:32:13,440 they are receiving 2353 01:32:20,629 --> 01:32:16,719 direct earth telemetry via that 2354 01:32:21,590 --> 01:32:20,639 path the spacecraft perseverance is 2355 01:32:24,229 --> 01:32:21,600 currently 2356 01:32:26,870 --> 01:32:24,239 transmitting heartbeat tones these tones 2357 01:32:29,189 --> 01:32:26,880 indicate that perseverance is operating 2358 01:32:32,229 --> 01:32:29,199 normally and has nothing significant to 2359 01:32:35,430 --> 01:32:35,030 this is as expected we're currently just 2360 01:32:44,870 --> 01:32:35,440 over 2361 01:32:44,880 --> 01:32:53,350 okay and now we wait 2362 01:32:56,390 --> 01:32:54,629 as soon as we get to the top of the 2363 01:32:57,990 --> 01:32:56,400 atmosphere the atm 2364 01:33:00,629 --> 01:32:58,000 will be very quickly which is the entry 2365 01:33:02,470 --> 01:33:00,639 point it won't be very long before 2366 01:33:04,149 --> 01:33:02,480 the the the atmosphere will start 2367 01:33:05,270 --> 01:33:04,159 getting thicker and thicker it's going 2368 01:33:07,750 --> 01:33:05,280 very quickly at 2369 01:33:09,510 --> 01:33:07,760 a fairly steep angle of 15 degrees into 2370 01:33:12,390 --> 01:33:09,520 the atmosphere as it starts to slow down 2371 01:33:14,470 --> 01:33:12,400 just under about five and a half minutes 2372 01:33:17,350 --> 01:33:14,480 from entry interface 2373 01:33:18,310 --> 01:33:17,360 we're still receiving heartbeat tones we 2374 01:33:19,830 --> 01:33:18,320 expect to continue 2375 01:33:22,390 --> 01:33:19,840 receiving heartbeat tones until about 2376 01:33:23,189 --> 01:33:22,400 five minutes after entry at that time 2377 01:33:24,790 --> 01:33:23,199 perseverance 2378 01:33:26,790 --> 01:33:24,800 will be no longer in view of our 2379 01:33:29,830 --> 01:33:26,800 antennas here on earth 2380 01:33:31,110 --> 01:33:29,840 about 90 seconds prior to entry the mars 2381 01:33:33,110 --> 01:33:31,120 reconnaissance orbiter 2382 01:33:34,470 --> 01:33:33,120 should begin receiving telemetry from 2383 01:33:36,550 --> 01:33:34,480 perseverance 2384 01:33:37,750 --> 01:33:36,560 and streaming it to earth in near real 2385 01:33:41,030 --> 01:33:37,760 time 2386 01:33:43,270 --> 01:33:41,040 there are a few expected short outages 2387 01:33:45,430 --> 01:33:43,280 such as when we have a plasma back out 2388 01:33:47,750 --> 01:33:45,440 or when we enter the peak heating 2389 01:33:50,149 --> 01:33:47,760 phase aside from these outages caused by 2390 01:33:52,390 --> 01:33:50,159 the plasma blackout antenna switching or 2391 01:33:54,629 --> 01:33:52,400 high dynamic events spacecraft events we 2392 01:33:55,590 --> 01:33:54,639 should have telemetry until about 90 2393 01:33:59,910 --> 01:33:55,600 seconds 2394 01:34:02,790 --> 01:33:59,920 after landing a plasma blackout 2395 01:34:03,990 --> 01:34:02,800 is when the signal from perseverance 2396 01:34:06,629 --> 01:34:04,000 isn't strong enough to make it 2397 01:34:08,470 --> 01:34:06,639 through the superheated super fast air 2398 01:34:09,830 --> 01:34:08,480 flowing around the spacecraft 2399 01:34:11,430 --> 01:34:09,840 all the way down to earth once the 2400 01:34:13,270 --> 01:34:11,440 temperature drops below that peak 2401 01:34:14,629 --> 01:34:13,280 heating we do reacquire the signal from 2402 01:34:16,310 --> 01:34:14,639 perseverance 2403 01:34:19,030 --> 01:34:16,320 we are currently about four and a half 2404 01:34:20,709 --> 01:34:19,040 minutes from entry interface 2405 01:34:22,550 --> 01:34:20,719 perseverance continues to report 2406 01:34:25,910 --> 01:34:22,560 heartbeat tones indicating everything 2407 01:34:27,750 --> 01:34:25,920 is nominal okay 2408 01:34:29,910 --> 01:34:27,760 what we wait what we're looking for now 2409 01:34:30,950 --> 01:34:29,920 is where mars reconstance orbiter should 2410 01:34:33,430 --> 01:34:30,960 be in view 2411 01:34:35,110 --> 01:34:33,440 soon of our vehicle and be able to 2412 01:34:36,229 --> 01:34:35,120 listen to ones and zeros coming from a 2413 01:34:37,830 --> 01:34:36,239 separate radio 2414 01:34:40,229 --> 01:34:37,840 that's really designed to talk between 2415 01:34:41,750 --> 01:34:40,239 spacecraft camera reports the electro 2416 01:34:43,030 --> 01:34:41,760 radio is powered on ready to receive 2417 01:34:46,470 --> 01:34:43,040 signals from the lander 2418 01:34:48,390 --> 01:34:46,480 okay mro is ready and less and able 2419 01:34:49,669 --> 01:34:48,400 and waiting for the to hear from our 2420 01:34:52,229 --> 01:34:49,679 rover mars reconnaissance 2421 01:34:54,390 --> 01:34:52,239 orbiter has reported that it's ready to 2422 01:34:57,430 --> 01:34:54,400 receive the signals from perseverance 2423 01:35:00,070 --> 01:34:57,440 it should be in a few minutes here we're 2424 01:35:05,910 --> 01:35:00,080 just light local ones from entry 2425 01:35:08,950 --> 01:35:07,669 we don't need these ones and zeros as 2426 01:35:11,669 --> 01:35:08,960 swati said 2427 01:35:13,510 --> 01:35:11,679 but to land safely but we really need it 2428 01:35:15,109 --> 01:35:13,520 for our own 2429 01:35:17,590 --> 01:35:15,119 health and well-being today to keep our 2430 01:35:20,149 --> 01:35:17,600 nerves in control around this time 2431 01:35:22,229 --> 01:35:20,159 a second spacecraft maven should begin 2432 01:35:23,910 --> 01:35:22,239 picking up telemetry from perseverance 2433 01:35:25,910 --> 01:35:23,920 and will continue to record that 2434 01:35:26,870 --> 01:35:25,920 telemetry until several minutes post 2435 01:35:29,669 --> 01:35:26,880 landing 2436 01:35:30,550 --> 01:35:29,679 we won't get that data for several hours 2437 01:35:32,709 --> 01:35:30,560 after landing 2438 01:35:34,070 --> 01:35:32,719 as it's being recorded and then will be 2439 01:35:37,030 --> 01:35:34,080 forwarded to earth 2440 01:35:38,390 --> 01:35:37,040 later we are continuing to receive 2441 01:35:40,229 --> 01:35:38,400 heartbeat tones 2442 01:35:41,669 --> 01:35:40,239 indicating that everything is nominal 2443 01:35:43,350 --> 01:35:41,679 we're currently at 2444 01:35:46,149 --> 01:35:43,360 about three minutes until entry 2445 01:35:46,159 --> 01:35:51,430 okay 2446 01:35:55,189 --> 01:35:53,030 very soon we'll be getting ones and 2447 01:36:06,070 --> 01:35:55,199 zeroes i hope from our radio on the 2448 01:36:09,830 --> 01:36:07,990 the entry interface is nothing more than 2449 01:36:11,750 --> 01:36:09,840 just an arbitrary place in the sky that 2450 01:36:13,669 --> 01:36:11,760 we've defined to be above the atmosphere 2451 01:36:15,590 --> 01:36:13,679 but but from that point on uh there's 2452 01:36:17,350 --> 01:36:15,600 definitely a 2453 01:36:19,030 --> 01:36:17,360 atmosphere and above it there isn't 2454 01:36:19,830 --> 01:36:19,040 there are two minutes from entry 2455 01:36:22,950 --> 01:36:19,840 interface 2456 01:36:25,510 --> 01:36:22,960 presidents to transmit 2457 01:36:29,910 --> 01:36:25,520 heartbeat tones indicating everything is 2458 01:36:32,950 --> 01:36:31,430 so the tones can tell us whether 2459 01:36:35,270 --> 01:36:32,960 something is bad or not is happening so 2460 01:36:37,430 --> 01:36:35,280 so far the heartbeat is is doing well 2461 01:36:40,149 --> 01:36:37,440 so the vehicle thinks it's help it's in 2462 01:36:57,510 --> 01:36:40,159 good shape to land 2463 01:37:00,550 --> 01:36:59,430 we're just under two minutes from entry 2464 01:37:02,629 --> 01:37:00,560 interface as 2465 01:37:03,910 --> 01:37:02,639 it gets closer to mars preservance is 2466 01:37:06,629 --> 01:37:03,920 actually being pulled in 2467 01:37:08,229 --> 01:37:06,639 by gravity and accelerating by the time 2468 01:37:09,270 --> 01:37:08,239 perseverance reaches entry interface 2469 01:37:11,990 --> 01:37:09,280 point 2470 01:37:13,910 --> 01:37:12,000 it should be going just under 5.4 2471 01:37:17,430 --> 01:37:13,920 kilometers per second 2472 01:37:18,070 --> 01:37:17,440 we're at about 90 seconds from entry 2473 01:37:20,229 --> 01:37:18,080 interface 2474 01:37:21,669 --> 01:37:20,239 and standing by for mars reconnaissance 2475 01:37:49,430 --> 01:37:21,679 orbiter to pick up 2476 01:37:49,440 --> 01:38:08,229 we are one minute from entry interface 2477 01:38:13,990 --> 01:38:11,590 mros are in receive mode 2478 01:38:14,709 --> 01:38:14,000 we have confirmation that the confidence 2479 01:38:17,910 --> 01:38:14,719 orbiter is 2480 01:38:19,830 --> 01:38:17,920 now relating data from perseverance 2481 01:38:21,030 --> 01:38:19,840 we're about 30 seconds from entry 2482 01:38:23,030 --> 01:38:21,040 interface 2483 01:38:25,590 --> 01:38:23,040 procurement is going about 5.2 2484 01:38:26,709 --> 01:38:25,600 kilometers per second and is about 190 2485 01:38:29,270 --> 01:38:26,719 kilometers 2486 01:38:37,590 --> 01:38:29,280 altitude above the surface of mars to 2487 01:38:44,310 --> 01:38:41,910 about seconds from entry interface 2488 01:38:45,430 --> 01:38:44,320 5.3 kilometers per second and an 2489 01:39:04,790 --> 01:38:45,440 altitude of 2490 01:39:10,550 --> 01:39:07,910 we have confirmation of entry interface 2491 01:39:11,669 --> 01:39:10,560 presidents is currently going 5.3 2492 01:39:14,950 --> 01:39:11,679 kilometers per second 2493 01:39:24,390 --> 01:39:14,960 at an altitude of about 120 kilometers 2494 01:39:31,990 --> 01:39:28,390 the fifth is now waiting until it begins 2495 01:39:34,390 --> 01:39:32,000 feeling the atmosphere slow it down 2496 01:39:35,750 --> 01:39:34,400 once there is enough atmosphere it will 2497 01:39:43,669 --> 01:39:35,760 start controlling its 2498 01:39:49,189 --> 01:39:46,310 navigation is also confirming that we 2499 01:39:52,310 --> 01:39:49,199 can see a little bit of that slowdown 2500 01:39:55,590 --> 01:39:52,320 of the atmosphere on 2501 01:39:59,510 --> 01:39:55,600 the perseverance entry capsule 2502 01:40:01,350 --> 01:39:59,520 our current velocity is about 5.36 2503 01:40:03,109 --> 01:40:01,360 kilometers per second and an altitude of 2504 01:40:05,910 --> 01:40:03,119 about 67 2505 01:40:07,830 --> 01:40:05,920 kilometers from the surface we are 2506 01:40:18,470 --> 01:40:07,840 probably seeing mro plasma blackout at 2507 01:40:27,830 --> 01:40:19,990 the vehicle should be doing its turns 2508 01:40:30,870 --> 01:40:29,990 we have indications that perseverance is 2509 01:40:32,870 --> 01:40:30,880 now 2510 01:40:34,470 --> 01:40:32,880 performing bank reversals in the 2511 01:40:37,669 --> 01:40:34,480 atmosphere these 2512 01:40:41,590 --> 01:40:37,679 are the steps in order to control its 2513 01:40:43,430 --> 01:40:41,600 distance to the landing target 2514 01:40:45,270 --> 01:40:43,440 perseverance has just passed through the 2515 01:40:47,830 --> 01:40:45,280 point of maximum deceleration 2516 01:40:49,109 --> 01:40:47,840 and has indicated that it felt 2517 01:40:52,629 --> 01:40:49,119 approximately 2518 01:40:55,910 --> 01:40:52,639 10 earth g's of deceleration 2519 01:41:03,669 --> 01:41:01,350 yes yes yes we saw a small outage 2520 01:41:05,109 --> 01:41:03,679 of the uhf telemetry from mars 2521 01:41:07,510 --> 01:41:05,119 reconnaissance orbiter 2522 01:41:08,229 --> 01:41:07,520 during that peak heating phase likely 2523 01:41:10,629 --> 01:41:08,239 caused 2524 01:41:12,310 --> 01:41:10,639 by the plasma blackout perseverance is 2525 01:41:13,350 --> 01:41:12,320 still continuing to perform bank 2526 01:41:16,310 --> 01:41:13,360 reversals 2527 01:41:32,950 --> 01:41:16,320 in the atmosphere to control its 2528 01:41:36,870 --> 01:41:35,109 perseverance is going about one 2529 01:41:39,750 --> 01:41:36,880 kilometer per second 2530 01:41:41,910 --> 01:41:39,760 at an altitude of about 16 kilometers 2531 01:41:44,629 --> 01:41:41,920 from the surface of mars 2532 01:41:45,030 --> 01:41:44,639 we have entered heading alignment which 2533 01:41:46,950 --> 01:41:45,040 means 2534 01:41:48,070 --> 01:41:46,960 perseverance is no longer trying to 2535 01:41:51,510 --> 01:41:48,080 control the distance 2536 01:41:53,109 --> 01:41:51,520 to mars but in to the target on mars but 2537 01:42:12,830 --> 01:41:53,119 instead is flying 2538 01:42:12,840 --> 01:42:25,910 parachute 2539 01:42:32,310 --> 01:42:30,629 her current velocity is about 550 meters 2540 01:42:33,270 --> 01:42:32,320 per second at an altitude of about 15 2541 01:42:39,750 --> 01:42:33,280 kilometers 2542 01:42:39,760 --> 01:42:44,149 amaro is reporting good telemetry lock 2543 01:42:48,629 --> 01:42:46,870 we are coming upon to straighten up we 2544 01:42:50,070 --> 01:42:48,639 are starting the straighten up and fly 2545 01:42:51,830 --> 01:42:50,080 right maneuver 2546 01:42:53,669 --> 01:42:51,840 where the spacecraft will jettison the 2547 01:42:55,750 --> 01:42:53,679 entry balance masses 2548 01:42:57,590 --> 01:42:55,760 in preparation for parachute deploy and 2549 01:43:02,709 --> 01:42:57,600 to roll over to give the radar a better 2550 01:43:06,629 --> 01:43:04,870 the navigation has confirmed that the 2551 01:43:08,790 --> 01:43:06,639 parachute has deployed and we are seeing 2552 01:43:10,870 --> 01:43:08,800 significant deceleration 2553 01:43:12,950 --> 01:43:10,880 in the velocity our current velocity is 2554 01:43:14,950 --> 01:43:12,960 450 meters per second 2555 01:43:26,629 --> 01:43:14,960 at an altitude of about 12 kilometers 2556 01:43:30,390 --> 01:43:29,030 first advance has now slowed to subsonic 2557 01:43:31,350 --> 01:43:30,400 speeds and the heat shield has been 2558 01:43:33,590 --> 01:43:31,360 separated 2559 01:43:35,830 --> 01:43:33,600 this allows both the radar and the 2560 01:43:36,470 --> 01:43:35,840 cameras to get their first look at the 2561 01:43:39,109 --> 01:43:36,480 surface 2562 01:43:40,950 --> 01:43:39,119 current velocity is 145 meters per 2563 01:43:43,030 --> 01:43:40,960 second and an altitude of about 2564 01:44:03,830 --> 01:43:43,040 10 km nine and a half kilometers above 2565 01:44:03,840 --> 01:44:08,390 yes yes yes 2566 01:44:11,430 --> 01:44:10,709 now has radar lock on the ground current 2567 01:44:14,470 --> 01:44:11,440 velocity 2568 01:44:20,390 --> 01:44:14,480 is about 100 meters per second 6.6 2569 01:44:22,310 --> 01:44:20,400 kilometers of the surface 2570 01:44:23,430 --> 01:44:22,320 perseverance is continuing to descend on 2571 01:44:26,629 --> 01:44:23,440 the parachute 2572 01:44:28,550 --> 01:44:26,639 we are coming up on the initialization 2573 01:44:30,390 --> 01:44:28,560 of terrain relative navigation 2574 01:44:32,709 --> 01:44:30,400 and subsequently the priming of the 2575 01:44:35,030 --> 01:44:32,719 landing engines our current velocity is 2576 01:44:43,109 --> 01:44:35,040 about 90 meters per second at an 2577 01:44:46,149 --> 01:44:44,310 we have confirmation that the land 2578 01:44:47,030 --> 01:44:46,159 division system has produced a valid 2579 01:44:52,550 --> 01:44:47,040 solution 2580 01:44:52,560 --> 01:45:01,030 we have timing of the landing engines 2581 01:45:06,950 --> 01:45:03,990 current velocity is 83 meters per second 2582 01:45:07,750 --> 01:45:06,960 at about 2.6 kilometers from the surface 2583 01:45:09,270 --> 01:45:07,760 mars 2584 01:45:10,790 --> 01:45:09,280 we have confirmation that the back shell 2585 01:45:12,470 --> 01:45:10,800 has separated 2586 01:45:14,950 --> 01:45:12,480 we are currently performing the divert 2587 01:45:16,870 --> 01:45:14,960 maneuver current velocity is about 75 2588 01:45:19,030 --> 01:45:16,880 meters per second at an altitude 2589 01:45:20,310 --> 01:45:19,040 of about a kilometer off the surface of 2590 01:45:23,350 --> 01:45:20,320 mars 2591 01:45:25,430 --> 01:45:23,360 tier end safety bravo 2592 01:45:26,870 --> 01:45:25,440 we have completed our terrain relative 2593 01:45:29,270 --> 01:45:26,880 navigation 2594 01:45:31,750 --> 01:45:29,280 current speed is about 30 meters per 2595 01:45:41,910 --> 01:45:31,760 second altitude of about 300 meters 2596 01:45:45,669 --> 01:45:44,229 we have started our constant velocity 2597 01:45:48,390 --> 01:45:45,679 accordion which means we are 2598 01:45:50,390 --> 01:45:48,400 conducting the sky crane about to 2599 01:45:53,830 --> 01:45:50,400 conduct the cycling maneuver 2600 01:45:56,870 --> 01:45:53,840 we've lost direct to earth tones 2601 01:46:00,629 --> 01:45:56,880 as expected as expected 2602 01:46:00,639 --> 01:46:11,189 about 20 meters off the surface 2603 01:46:11,199 --> 01:46:17,430 we're getting signals from mro 2604 01:46:17,440 --> 01:46:22,070 uhf is good 2605 01:46:22,080 --> 01:46:25,350 touchdown 2606 01:46:31,580 --> 01:46:28,149 on the confirmed of mars ready to begin 2607 01:46:37,669 --> 01:46:31,590 seeking the sands of past life 2608 01:46:41,590 --> 01:46:39,270 at this point the descending stage has 2609 01:46:45,350 --> 01:46:41,600 flown away to safe distance 2610 01:46:52,830 --> 01:46:45,360 perseverance is continuing to transmit 2611 01:46:52,840 --> 01:46:58,870 earth 2612 01:47:08,790 --> 01:47:01,830 [Applause] 2613 01:47:14,629 --> 01:47:08,800 oh my god oh 2614 01:47:21,669 --> 01:47:18,629 all right all stations uh we got it 2615 01:47:25,030 --> 01:47:21,679 we're gonna wait for the images wow 2616 01:47:26,070 --> 01:47:25,040 this is so exciting the team is beside 2617 01:47:28,470 --> 01:47:26,080 themselves it's 2618 01:47:46,310 --> 01:47:28,480 it's so surreal stay tuned we might get 2619 01:47:46,320 --> 01:47:52,229 so much has been riding on this 2620 01:48:04,310 --> 01:47:55,350 we just heard the news that perseverance 2621 01:48:07,669 --> 01:48:04,320 is alive on the surface of mars 2622 01:48:18,950 --> 01:48:07,679 we have seen the completion of edl 3000 2623 01:48:20,550 --> 01:48:18,960 copy activity that is as expected 2624 01:48:36,310 --> 01:48:20,560 amarillo is still seeing a strong signal 2625 01:48:39,510 --> 01:48:37,750 we have just heard the news that 2626 01:48:42,390 --> 01:48:39,520 perseverance is alive 2627 01:48:43,210 --> 01:48:42,400 on the surface of mars congratulations 2628 01:48:45,510 --> 01:48:43,220 to the mission 2629 01:48:47,030 --> 01:48:45,520 [Applause] 2630 01:48:50,550 --> 01:48:47,040 looks like we have some more news in it 2631 01:48:55,910 --> 01:48:50,560 looks like we're getting the first image 2632 01:49:02,149 --> 01:48:59,510 flight this is ol3 i have 2633 01:49:03,270 --> 01:49:02,159 the target point on the map when you are 2634 01:49:26,870 --> 01:49:03,280 ready 2635 01:49:39,430 --> 01:49:29,589 flight i'll be uh moving in showing you 2636 01:49:42,629 --> 01:49:41,589 the team has just put the first image 2637 01:49:45,189 --> 01:49:42,639 firm perseverance 2638 01:49:46,870 --> 01:49:45,199 on the surface of mars now it comes from 2639 01:49:49,750 --> 01:49:46,880 the engineering cameras 2640 01:49:51,830 --> 01:49:49,760 known as the hazard camera this camera 2641 01:49:54,149 --> 01:49:51,840 is mainly used to help the rover drive 2642 01:49:55,990 --> 01:49:54,159 safely around mars and we will get 2643 01:50:06,310 --> 01:49:56,000 higher resolution photos later 2644 01:50:06,320 --> 01:50:26,149 nice this is amazing 2645 01:50:26,159 --> 01:50:41,430 stand by for steve 2646 01:51:01,750 --> 01:50:44,870 you did you did it 2647 01:51:11,510 --> 01:51:04,830 [Music] 2648 01:51:15,109 --> 01:51:14,550 we just got our second image in our 2649 01:51:18,470 --> 01:51:15,119 second 2650 01:51:20,229 --> 01:51:18,480 image is in 2651 01:51:21,910 --> 01:51:20,239 okay this these these we have a camera 2652 01:51:24,950 --> 01:51:21,920 in the front and out rear the 2653 01:51:26,070 --> 01:51:24,960 the spacecraft uh it's uh it's it's 2654 01:51:27,350 --> 01:51:26,080 they're near the ground so these are 2655 01:51:28,070 --> 01:51:27,360 pretty close you can see the wheels 2656 01:51:30,470 --> 01:51:28,080 there 2657 01:51:31,430 --> 01:51:30,480 uh and and and they're a little dirty 2658 01:51:34,070 --> 01:51:31,440 because you've got 2659 01:51:34,470 --> 01:51:34,080 uh glass covers over these these cameras 2660 01:51:36,550 --> 01:51:34,480 but 2661 01:51:37,990 --> 01:51:36,560 we took these seconds after landing so 2662 01:51:39,109 --> 01:51:38,000 so there's still dust in the air from 2663 01:51:42,470 --> 01:51:39,119 our landing event 2664 01:51:44,310 --> 01:51:42,480 uh so this is this is happening um uh 2665 01:51:45,510 --> 01:51:44,320 you know this happened just seconds ago 2666 01:51:47,980 --> 01:51:45,520 just arrived 2667 01:51:49,189 --> 01:51:47,990 and this is really amazing 2668 01:51:51,350 --> 01:51:49,199 [Applause] 2669 01:51:52,870 --> 01:51:51,360 and uh we even know where we landed this 2670 01:51:53,669 --> 01:51:52,880 is the most amazing thing the vehicle 2671 01:51:55,910 --> 01:51:53,679 has told us where 2672 01:51:57,270 --> 01:51:55,920 where it's landed because figured it out 2673 01:52:00,550 --> 01:51:57,280 you know this is a sign 2674 01:52:01,430 --> 01:52:00,560 nasa works nasa works and we put our 2675 01:52:02,870 --> 01:52:01,440 arms together 2676 01:52:05,030 --> 01:52:02,880 and our hands together and our brains 2677 01:52:06,870 --> 01:52:05,040 together we can succeed 2678 01:52:08,390 --> 01:52:06,880 this is what nasa does this is what we 2679 01:52:10,470 --> 01:52:08,400 can do as a country 2680 01:52:11,510 --> 01:52:10,480 on all of the problems we we have we 2681 01:52:13,510 --> 01:52:11,520 need to work together 2682 01:52:25,270 --> 01:52:13,520 to do these kinds of things and make 2683 01:52:30,950 --> 01:52:28,310 joining us now is the acting 2684 01:52:31,510 --> 01:52:30,960 administrator of nasa steve jurisic 2685 01:52:34,550 --> 01:52:31,520 steve 2686 01:52:37,830 --> 01:52:34,560 welcome and congratulations 2687 01:52:40,470 --> 01:52:37,840 hey thank you what an amazing day 2688 01:52:41,669 --> 01:52:40,480 how does it feel to have another rover 2689 01:52:44,790 --> 01:52:41,679 on mars 2690 01:52:45,910 --> 01:52:44,800 uh it's amazing um uh to have 2691 01:52:49,109 --> 01:52:45,920 perseverance join 2692 01:52:51,270 --> 01:52:49,119 curiosity on mars and what 2693 01:52:53,430 --> 01:52:51,280 what a just a credit to the team i mean 2694 01:52:57,430 --> 01:52:53,440 just what an amazing team 2695 01:52:59,189 --> 01:52:57,440 um to work through all the adversity 2696 01:53:01,350 --> 01:52:59,199 that goes and all the challenges that go 2697 01:53:04,390 --> 01:53:01,360 with landing a rover on mars 2698 01:53:07,430 --> 01:53:04,400 plus the challenges of covid and 2699 01:53:10,229 --> 01:53:07,440 um and just an amazing accomplishment 2700 01:53:12,070 --> 01:53:10,239 and what does this mean for nasa and its 2701 01:53:14,790 --> 01:53:12,080 future plans 2702 01:53:15,270 --> 01:53:14,800 so for robotic exploration no every time 2703 01:53:17,189 --> 01:53:15,280 we 2704 01:53:18,470 --> 01:53:17,199 um execute a mission with new 2705 01:53:20,790 --> 01:53:18,480 instruments we 2706 01:53:22,070 --> 01:53:20,800 discover new things and things we never 2707 01:53:24,390 --> 01:53:22,080 thought we would discover 2708 01:53:25,830 --> 01:53:24,400 so that's that always informs our future 2709 01:53:29,109 --> 01:53:25,840 robotic missions 2710 01:53:32,070 --> 01:53:29,119 both landers rovers and orbiters 2711 01:53:33,990 --> 01:53:32,080 this mission also has technology on it 2712 01:53:35,990 --> 01:53:34,000 one of the cool things is the ingenuity 2713 01:53:38,550 --> 01:53:36,000 helicopter 2714 01:53:39,990 --> 01:53:38,560 it's an experiment on this mission but 2715 01:53:42,390 --> 01:53:40,000 if it's successful we can use 2716 01:53:44,310 --> 01:53:42,400 it as an observation science observation 2717 01:53:47,350 --> 01:53:44,320 platform by putting instruments on it 2718 01:53:50,470 --> 01:53:47,360 and also use it as a scout um for 2719 01:53:51,030 --> 01:53:50,480 future rover missions and uh and then 2720 01:53:54,229 --> 01:53:51,040 just the 2721 01:53:57,270 --> 01:53:54,239 entry sentence landing um capability 2722 01:53:59,750 --> 01:53:57,280 it'll allow us to land more and 2723 01:54:01,189 --> 01:53:59,760 more larger more ambitious robots on the 2724 01:54:04,870 --> 01:54:01,199 surface of mars and then 2725 01:54:07,430 --> 01:54:04,880 for human exploration um we have 2726 01:54:07,990 --> 01:54:07,440 the medley mars intercept landing 2727 01:54:09,510 --> 01:54:08,000 instrumentation 2728 01:54:12,070 --> 01:54:09,520 which is going to give us edl 2729 01:54:14,550 --> 01:54:12,080 information we have the mars 2730 01:54:15,669 --> 01:54:14,560 environmental dynamics analyzer it's 2731 01:54:18,149 --> 01:54:15,679 going to give us 2732 01:54:19,589 --> 01:54:18,159 uh properties size and properties of 2733 01:54:20,629 --> 01:54:19,599 dust particles because when 2734 01:54:22,950 --> 01:54:20,639 we send people we're going to have to 2735 01:54:24,709 --> 01:54:22,960 deal with that dust 2736 01:54:26,149 --> 01:54:24,719 and just it's just this is just an 2737 01:54:28,149 --> 01:54:26,159 incredible mission because of the 2738 01:54:30,629 --> 01:54:28,159 science and the technology 2739 01:54:31,910 --> 01:54:30,639 and then caching samples from our sample 2740 01:54:33,990 --> 01:54:31,920 return mission 2741 01:54:35,510 --> 01:54:34,000 that will be a an amazing mission the 2742 01:54:37,990 --> 01:54:35,520 first round trip 2743 01:54:39,990 --> 01:54:38,000 to mars and back and bringing those 2744 01:54:41,109 --> 01:54:40,000 samples cached by perseverance back to 2745 01:54:43,990 --> 01:54:41,119 earth to 2746 01:54:46,390 --> 01:54:44,000 examine with state-of-the-art equipment 2747 01:54:49,510 --> 01:54:46,400 in our laboratories here on earth 2748 01:54:51,830 --> 01:54:49,520 we have so much to look forward to and 2749 01:54:53,109 --> 01:54:51,840 we also have a student question coming 2750 01:54:56,390 --> 01:54:53,119 in from landon 2751 01:54:58,470 --> 01:54:56,400 let's take a look hi 2752 01:54:59,669 --> 01:54:58,480 my name is lyndon applegate i'm in sixth 2753 01:55:02,390 --> 01:54:59,679 grade and i'm 2754 01:55:03,589 --> 01:55:02,400 going to academy for academic excellence 2755 01:55:05,669 --> 01:55:03,599 and my question is 2756 01:55:07,589 --> 01:55:05,679 do you think we could get resources from 2757 01:55:11,350 --> 01:55:07,599 mars to help on future missions 2758 01:55:13,589 --> 01:55:11,360 or even as like a launching point 2759 01:55:14,470 --> 01:55:13,599 great question landon actually we have 2760 01:55:17,910 --> 01:55:14,480 an experiment 2761 01:55:20,629 --> 01:55:17,920 called the mox the mars oxygen in situ 2762 01:55:22,950 --> 01:55:20,639 resource utilization experiment or moxie 2763 01:55:26,149 --> 01:55:22,960 and it's going to demonstrate generating 2764 01:55:29,270 --> 01:55:26,159 oxygen from atmospheric co2 2765 01:55:31,510 --> 01:55:29,280 and that could help generate you know 2766 01:55:32,950 --> 01:55:31,520 generate breathable oxygen and even if 2767 01:55:35,350 --> 01:55:32,960 we can liquefy it 2768 01:55:37,830 --> 01:55:35,360 oxidizer for propulsion systems so 2769 01:55:39,270 --> 01:55:37,840 that's a tech demo on perseverance 2770 01:55:41,270 --> 01:55:39,280 and then we're going to continue to 2771 01:55:45,030 --> 01:55:41,280 characterize the frozen water 2772 01:55:46,950 --> 01:55:45,040 on and below the surface of mars 2773 01:55:49,510 --> 01:55:46,960 and eventually try to figure out how to 2774 01:55:51,030 --> 01:55:49,520 extract that water from the martian soil 2775 01:55:53,030 --> 01:55:51,040 or we call regolith 2776 01:55:55,510 --> 01:55:53,040 and then we can use that for potable 2777 01:55:56,629 --> 01:55:55,520 water and also break it down into oxygen 2778 01:55:58,629 --> 01:55:56,639 and hydrogen 2779 01:56:00,390 --> 01:55:58,639 for rocket fuel so absolutely we're 2780 01:56:02,070 --> 01:56:00,400 going to try to eventually 2781 01:56:05,109 --> 01:56:02,080 figure out how to live off the land to 2782 01:56:06,550 --> 01:56:05,119 support human missions to mars 2783 01:56:09,270 --> 01:56:06,560 thanks for taking the time to talk to us 2784 01:56:12,550 --> 01:56:09,280 today steve thank you 2785 01:56:14,070 --> 01:56:12,560 and now that perseverance has safely 2786 01:56:15,830 --> 01:56:14,080 touched down on mars 2787 01:56:17,189 --> 01:56:15,840 let's learn more about what's in store 2788 01:56:19,990 --> 01:56:17,199 for the rover 2789 01:56:20,950 --> 01:56:20,000 joining us now is surface mission 2790 01:56:24,390 --> 01:56:20,960 manager 2791 01:56:25,830 --> 01:56:24,400 jessica samuels jessica your surface 2792 01:56:29,270 --> 01:56:25,840 operations team has now 2793 01:56:32,550 --> 01:56:29,280 taken over what are they doing now yes 2794 01:56:33,510 --> 01:56:32,560 hi raquel we are so excited here in the 2795 01:56:37,270 --> 01:56:33,520 service 2796 01:56:39,030 --> 01:56:37,280 mission support area uh the team will do 2797 01:56:39,830 --> 01:56:39,040 a handover with the entry descent and 2798 01:56:43,669 --> 01:56:39,840 landing team 2799 01:56:45,990 --> 01:56:43,679 and pass any critical information 2800 01:56:48,310 --> 01:56:46,000 and then this team behind us will be the 2801 01:56:51,030 --> 01:56:48,320 team that does the health and safety 2802 01:56:51,990 --> 01:56:51,040 assessments daily as we progress on this 2803 01:56:54,709 --> 01:56:52,000 mission 2804 01:56:56,070 --> 01:56:54,719 and what do the upcoming weeks look like 2805 01:56:59,350 --> 01:56:56,080 for your team 2806 01:57:01,830 --> 01:56:59,360 so as we enter mars time now 2807 01:57:03,990 --> 01:57:01,840 the commanding team will be working 2808 01:57:07,430 --> 01:57:04,000 overnight while the rover is asleep 2809 01:57:09,510 --> 01:57:07,440 so that we can perform the initial 2810 01:57:11,030 --> 01:57:09,520 checkouts of our key rover functions and 2811 01:57:13,589 --> 01:57:11,040 our science instruments 2812 01:57:15,510 --> 01:57:13,599 and we have to do this all in time for 2813 01:57:18,229 --> 01:57:15,520 the regularly scheduled communication 2814 01:57:19,270 --> 01:57:18,239 pass which happens in the morning and so 2815 01:57:22,149 --> 01:57:19,280 we will be working 2816 01:57:24,390 --> 01:57:22,159 around the clock making sure that 2817 01:57:27,430 --> 01:57:24,400 perseverance is healthy and 2818 01:57:29,669 --> 01:57:27,440 um we will begin this exciting adventure 2819 01:57:30,550 --> 01:57:29,679 and can you tell me what's it like 2820 01:57:33,669 --> 01:57:30,560 living on 2821 01:57:34,870 --> 01:57:33,679 mars time it's uh it's a little bit like 2822 01:57:36,709 --> 01:57:34,880 constantly uh 2823 01:57:37,990 --> 01:57:36,719 you know flying and changing your time 2824 01:57:40,870 --> 01:57:38,000 zone uh the 2825 01:57:42,709 --> 01:57:40,880 rover um you know on earth the rover 2826 01:57:44,629 --> 01:57:42,719 wakes up at the same time every day but 2827 01:57:46,629 --> 01:57:44,639 on earth that's 40 minutes later 2828 01:57:48,870 --> 01:57:46,639 so the team is going to be shifting our 2829 01:57:51,189 --> 01:57:48,880 work schedule by 40 minutes as we come 2830 01:57:54,870 --> 01:57:51,199 into work over the next few weeks 2831 01:57:58,390 --> 01:57:54,880 so it'll be uh it'll be exciting and uh 2832 01:58:00,870 --> 01:57:58,400 and some some late late nights but uh 2833 01:58:03,270 --> 01:58:00,880 but we're also excited and uh we 2834 01:58:04,070 --> 01:58:03,280 can't wait it's a whole new lifestyle 2835 01:58:07,189 --> 01:58:04,080 yes 2836 01:58:11,030 --> 01:58:07,199 we also have a student question for you 2837 01:58:13,030 --> 01:58:11,040 this is sophia's video 2838 01:58:14,709 --> 01:58:13,040 hi my name is sophia lopez and my 2839 01:58:17,109 --> 01:58:14,719 question for nasa is 2840 01:58:17,830 --> 01:58:17,119 how's perseverance gonna survive and 2841 01:58:19,910 --> 01:58:17,840 here's a 2842 01:58:21,430 --> 01:58:19,920 drawing that i made from perseverance 2843 01:58:25,189 --> 01:58:21,440 thinking about earth 2844 01:58:25,990 --> 01:58:25,199 thank you well sophia perseverance 2845 01:58:29,109 --> 01:58:26,000 survives 2846 01:58:29,990 --> 01:58:29,119 um with a power source um that charges 2847 01:58:32,070 --> 01:58:30,000 its batteries 2848 01:58:33,910 --> 01:58:32,080 uh overnight while it sleeps and it 2849 01:58:35,510 --> 01:58:33,920 keeps heaters 2850 01:58:37,669 --> 01:58:35,520 on so that all of our critical 2851 01:58:40,629 --> 01:58:37,679 electronics can stay warm 2852 01:58:42,550 --> 01:58:40,639 as well as our mechanism but it's really 2853 01:58:44,950 --> 01:58:42,560 survived by the team 2854 01:58:45,669 --> 01:58:44,960 that performs the health and safety 2855 01:58:47,589 --> 01:58:45,679 assessments 2856 01:58:48,709 --> 01:58:47,599 every day and communicates with the 2857 01:58:51,510 --> 01:58:48,719 rover 2858 01:58:52,950 --> 01:58:51,520 and make sure that she's she's doing 2859 01:58:55,030 --> 01:58:52,960 okay 2860 01:58:56,870 --> 01:58:55,040 well thanks for your time jessica and 2861 01:59:00,550 --> 01:58:56,880 good luck living on mars time 2862 01:59:01,270 --> 01:59:00,560 thank you should be fun let's head back 2863 01:59:03,669 --> 01:59:01,280 to marina 2864 01:59:04,390 --> 01:59:03,679 as she gives us a sneak peek into the 2865 01:59:09,109 --> 01:59:04,400 future 2866 01:59:13,030 --> 01:59:11,510 thanks so much raquel it's definitely 2867 01:59:15,830 --> 01:59:13,040 bustling behind me 2868 01:59:18,229 --> 01:59:15,840 is not quiet like it was just 20 minutes 2869 01:59:20,550 --> 01:59:18,239 ago and congrats to the whole team 2870 01:59:22,870 --> 01:59:20,560 what an amazing accomplishment mike 2871 01:59:25,350 --> 01:59:22,880 watkins is the director of nasa's 2872 01:59:27,589 --> 01:59:25,360 jet propulsion laboratory he was the 2873 01:59:29,669 --> 01:59:27,599 mission manager during the curiosity 2874 01:59:33,030 --> 01:59:29,679 rover landing on mars 2875 01:59:33,669 --> 01:59:33,040 welcome mike oh thanks glen glad to be 2876 01:59:35,560 --> 01:59:33,679 here 2877 01:59:36,950 --> 01:59:35,570 you can see all my mask markings soon 2878 01:59:38,550 --> 01:59:36,960 [Laughter] 2879 01:59:40,870 --> 01:59:38,560 well you were just celebrating and 2880 01:59:43,109 --> 01:59:40,880 rightly so now you've been around for a 2881 01:59:45,030 --> 01:59:43,119 number of mars landings what makes this 2882 01:59:46,950 --> 01:59:45,040 one special 2883 01:59:48,470 --> 01:59:46,960 well you know two things i mean it's the 2884 01:59:49,350 --> 01:59:48,480 biggest and best rover we've ever sent 2885 01:59:50,870 --> 01:59:49,360 to mars 2886 01:59:52,550 --> 01:59:50,880 um and and it can really you know do 2887 01:59:54,310 --> 01:59:52,560 amazing things in terms of you know its 2888 01:59:55,589 --> 01:59:54,320 own scientific exploration of this 2889 01:59:58,070 --> 01:59:55,599 habitable environment you know at 2890 01:59:59,270 --> 01:59:58,080 jezreel but you know it's also as as 2891 02:00:01,270 --> 01:59:59,280 as you've heard today you know it's the 2892 02:00:02,709 --> 02:00:01,280 first step in march sample return so 2893 02:00:04,629 --> 02:00:02,719 really you know it's it's not only doing 2894 02:00:06,070 --> 02:00:04,639 its own mission it's setting us up for 2895 02:00:07,830 --> 02:00:06,080 a series of missions and to bring those 2896 02:00:09,510 --> 02:00:07,840 samples back and you know a lot of the 2897 02:00:11,030 --> 02:00:09,520 effort to develop the rover 2898 02:00:12,550 --> 02:00:11,040 was specifically designed you know for 2899 02:00:14,310 --> 02:00:12,560 that sampling and caching system it's 2900 02:00:15,270 --> 02:00:14,320 one of the most complex robotic systems 2901 02:00:17,109 --> 02:00:15,280 ever made 2902 02:00:18,790 --> 02:00:17,119 and you know having it down safely means 2903 02:00:20,790 --> 02:00:18,800 mars sample return continues 2904 02:00:22,709 --> 02:00:20,800 right on course and and and we are 2905 02:00:25,430 --> 02:00:22,719 moving forward 2906 02:00:26,709 --> 02:00:25,440 wonderful now jpl has a long history 2907 02:00:28,790 --> 02:00:26,719 with robotic space 2908 02:00:30,790 --> 02:00:28,800 exploration why do you think it's so 2909 02:00:32,950 --> 02:00:30,800 important to continue to push those 2910 02:00:34,310 --> 02:00:32,960 boundaries 2911 02:00:36,310 --> 02:00:34,320 you know there's a lot of reasons i mean 2912 02:00:36,629 --> 02:00:36,320 obviously you know for for places that 2913 02:00:39,109 --> 02:00:36,639 are 2914 02:00:40,470 --> 02:00:39,119 far away like mars and even farther away 2915 02:00:42,310 --> 02:00:40,480 you know like europa 2916 02:00:43,830 --> 02:00:42,320 uh right now robots are the robotic 2917 02:00:45,270 --> 02:00:43,840 expressions the only way we can 2918 02:00:47,189 --> 02:00:45,280 make those scientific discoveries and 2919 02:00:48,870 --> 02:00:47,199 really understand these early 2920 02:00:50,870 --> 02:00:48,880 uh habitable environments in the case of 2921 02:00:52,790 --> 02:00:50,880 europa maybe it's even still habitable 2922 02:00:54,149 --> 02:00:52,800 and you know we're not ready to to go 2923 02:00:55,990 --> 02:00:54,159 there with astronauts yet 2924 02:00:57,510 --> 02:00:56,000 uh but the robots are ready to go there 2925 02:00:59,270 --> 02:00:57,520 and so we always uh you know our 2926 02:01:01,430 --> 02:00:59,280 forerunners and pathfinders 2927 02:01:02,550 --> 02:01:01,440 uh of of of human exploration and we 2928 02:01:05,030 --> 02:01:02,560 start by sending 2929 02:01:06,310 --> 02:01:05,040 you know our eyes and and arms there in 2930 02:01:08,149 --> 02:01:06,320 the form of a robot 2931 02:01:10,470 --> 02:01:08,159 and it is just fantastic to be able to 2932 02:01:11,430 --> 02:01:10,480 do that and to learn from each rover 2933 02:01:13,189 --> 02:01:11,440 learn from the science and the 2934 02:01:14,870 --> 02:01:13,199 engineering and make the next one better 2935 02:01:16,470 --> 02:01:14,880 and make more and more discoveries and 2936 02:01:18,629 --> 02:01:16,480 every time we do one of these missions 2937 02:01:20,709 --> 02:01:18,639 we make fabulous discoveries and uh and 2938 02:01:23,750 --> 02:01:20,719 you know each one is is more exciting 2939 02:01:26,149 --> 02:01:23,760 than the last the future does look 2940 02:01:27,430 --> 02:01:26,159 exciting now as director of jpl 2941 02:01:29,669 --> 02:01:27,440 what would you like to say to those 2942 02:01:31,589 --> 02:01:29,679 teams right now celebrating 2943 02:01:33,430 --> 02:01:31,599 oh you know obviously they they have 2944 02:01:35,350 --> 02:01:33,440 earned it let me tell you i mean they 2945 02:01:36,790 --> 02:01:35,360 uh have worked you know for years and 2946 02:01:37,510 --> 02:01:36,800 years on this mission and then in the 2947 02:01:39,589 --> 02:01:37,520 past year 2948 02:01:40,950 --> 02:01:39,599 of course we had the covid experience 2949 02:01:42,709 --> 02:01:40,960 and and you know i want to thank not 2950 02:01:44,870 --> 02:01:42,719 only the team but also you know all of 2951 02:01:47,189 --> 02:01:44,880 jpl you know a lot of folks had to 2952 02:01:49,430 --> 02:01:47,199 had uh had to pitch in here you know in 2953 02:01:50,149 --> 02:01:49,440 terms of making sure our remote telework 2954 02:01:51,910 --> 02:01:50,159 you know our 2955 02:01:53,510 --> 02:01:51,920 it systems were good enough to to 2956 02:01:55,270 --> 02:01:53,520 support folks working from home 2957 02:01:57,030 --> 02:01:55,280 you know all of the folks looking at at 2958 02:01:58,709 --> 02:01:57,040 ppe and our safe distancing and 2959 02:02:01,270 --> 02:01:58,719 reconfiguring facilities 2960 02:02:01,990 --> 02:02:01,280 uh to make them safe for the employees 2961 02:02:03,910 --> 02:02:02,000 it's just an 2962 02:02:05,430 --> 02:02:03,920 incredible amount of work by the entire 2963 02:02:06,229 --> 02:02:05,440 lab and of course especially by this 2964 02:02:08,070 --> 02:02:06,239 team 2965 02:02:09,750 --> 02:02:08,080 and uh you know and in one sense you 2966 02:02:11,990 --> 02:02:09,760 know the seven minutes of terror 2967 02:02:12,790 --> 02:02:12,000 are very exciting uh but on the other 2968 02:02:14,790 --> 02:02:12,800 hand you know 2969 02:02:16,229 --> 02:02:14,800 the missions just started right we built 2970 02:02:17,350 --> 02:02:16,239 the mission you know not to land but 2971 02:02:19,189 --> 02:02:17,360 actually to drive 2972 02:02:21,669 --> 02:02:19,199 and get the samples and do other uh 2973 02:02:24,470 --> 02:02:21,679 technology um you know demonstrations 2974 02:02:24,870 --> 02:02:24,480 and so you know for much of the team you 2975 02:02:26,470 --> 02:02:24,880 know 2976 02:02:28,149 --> 02:02:26,480 uh this part of the mission's over but 2977 02:02:29,990 --> 02:02:28,159 but for most of the team 2978 02:02:31,270 --> 02:02:30,000 the mission's really just starting and 2979 02:02:33,109 --> 02:02:31,280 so uh you know i think they're very 2980 02:02:34,310 --> 02:02:33,119 excited but uh you know everybody i 2981 02:02:36,390 --> 02:02:34,320 think can take a big 2982 02:02:37,669 --> 02:02:36,400 uh a deep breath and a sigh of relief 2983 02:02:39,109 --> 02:02:37,679 now that we are safely down on the 2984 02:02:41,430 --> 02:02:39,119 surface 2985 02:02:43,589 --> 02:02:41,440 yes that collective sigh of relief and i 2986 02:02:45,750 --> 02:02:43,599 hear a lot of excitement and celebration 2987 02:02:46,790 --> 02:02:45,760 behind me as well so thanks so much for 2988 02:02:48,070 --> 02:02:46,800 joining me mike 2989 02:02:50,390 --> 02:02:48,080 it's my pleasure and thanks to everyone 2990 02:02:50,870 --> 02:02:50,400 for joining us too congrats again to the 2991 02:02:53,669 --> 02:02:50,880 mars 2992 02:02:54,310 --> 02:02:53,679 2020 perseverance team for a successful 2993 02:02:58,390 --> 02:02:54,320 landing 2994 02:03:01,669 --> 02:02:58,400 back to you raquel now there will be a 2995 02:03:03,109 --> 02:03:01,679 flight test coming up for the ingenuity 2996 02:03:05,189 --> 02:03:03,119 mars helicopter 2997 02:03:06,149 --> 02:03:05,199 and if this technology experiment is 2998 02:03:08,070 --> 02:03:06,159 successful 2999 02:03:09,669 --> 02:03:08,080 it would mark the first time we have 3000 02:03:13,830 --> 02:03:09,679 taken a power 3001 02:03:18,149 --> 02:03:16,149 sometimes you have to do something just 3002 02:03:20,149 --> 02:03:18,159 to show that you can do it 3003 02:03:21,270 --> 02:03:20,159 when the wright brothers flew for the 3004 02:03:24,070 --> 02:03:21,280 first time they do 3005 02:03:24,470 --> 02:03:24,080 an experimental aircraft and in the same 3006 02:03:26,229 --> 02:03:24,480 way 3007 02:03:28,550 --> 02:03:26,239 the mars helicopter is designed to show 3008 02:03:29,030 --> 02:03:28,560 that we can fly power and helicopter 3009 02:03:37,350 --> 02:03:29,040 flight 3010 02:03:41,109 --> 02:03:39,830 from day one this was the unwavering 3011 02:03:44,310 --> 02:03:41,119 dream of our team 3012 02:03:46,470 --> 02:03:44,320 to get our helicopter launched to mars 3013 02:03:49,189 --> 02:03:46,480 so that we can get the opportunity to do 3014 02:03:51,910 --> 02:03:49,199 the very first rotograph flight test 3015 02:03:53,350 --> 02:03:51,920 in the actual environment of mars it's 3016 02:03:55,990 --> 02:03:53,360 extremely difficult to 3017 02:03:57,589 --> 02:03:56,000 fly at mars because atmosphere is so 3018 02:03:59,669 --> 02:03:57,599 thin compared to earth 3019 02:04:01,750 --> 02:03:59,679 at mars it's less than one percent so 3020 02:04:04,149 --> 02:04:01,760 the first and foremost challenge is 3021 02:04:04,950 --> 02:04:04,159 to make a vehicle that's light enough to 3022 02:04:07,350 --> 02:04:04,960 be lifted 3023 02:04:09,750 --> 02:04:07,360 and then the second is to generate lift 3024 02:04:10,870 --> 02:04:09,760 the rotor system is to spin very fast 3025 02:04:15,109 --> 02:04:10,880 2000 3026 02:04:17,750 --> 02:04:15,119 2200 2400 2600 we're spinning 3027 02:04:19,669 --> 02:04:17,760 between 2000 and 3000 revolutions per 3028 02:04:22,229 --> 02:04:19,679 minute and it takes a lot of energy 3029 02:04:23,270 --> 02:04:22,239 so is that balance of a very light 3030 02:04:26,229 --> 02:04:23,280 system 3031 02:04:26,709 --> 02:04:26,239 yet having enough energy that's needed 3032 02:04:37,189 --> 02:04:26,719 to 3033 02:04:38,950 --> 02:04:37,199 time it takes off the time it lands 3034 02:04:40,950 --> 02:04:38,960 what we do do on the ground is we plan 3035 02:04:41,589 --> 02:04:40,960 the flights and so we determine from 3036 02:04:49,510 --> 02:04:41,599 here 3037 02:04:52,950 --> 02:04:49,520 our experiment window is 30 martian days 3038 02:04:56,229 --> 02:04:52,960 so we have planned up to five flights 3039 02:04:57,030 --> 02:04:56,239 of incremental difficulty very first 3040 02:04:58,629 --> 02:04:57,040 flight the 3041 02:05:00,790 --> 02:04:58,639 main thing is we want to get the legs 3042 02:05:03,910 --> 02:05:00,800 off the ground and so we will 3043 02:05:05,350 --> 02:05:03,920 basically go up about three meters and 3044 02:05:07,270 --> 02:05:05,360 we'll hover there 3045 02:05:08,870 --> 02:05:07,280 and then we'll come down again and that 3046 02:05:11,669 --> 02:05:08,880 will be the first you know really 3047 02:05:13,350 --> 02:05:11,679 major milestone most of our flights will 3048 02:05:15,430 --> 02:05:13,360 be at the three to five meter height 3049 02:05:16,790 --> 02:05:15,440 we will be going horizontally again at a 3050 02:05:19,109 --> 02:05:16,800 few meters per second 3051 02:05:20,069 --> 02:05:19,119 probably go out you know 50 70 meters 3052 02:05:21,669 --> 02:05:20,079 and come back in 3053 02:05:23,430 --> 02:05:21,679 successive flights we'll probably push 3054 02:05:25,510 --> 02:05:23,440 that further try to go further 3055 02:05:27,430 --> 02:05:25,520 so our priority will be to get back 3056 02:05:28,069 --> 02:05:27,440 engineering telemetry and not so much 3057 02:05:29,830 --> 02:05:28,079 images 3058 02:05:32,790 --> 02:05:29,840 but i'm sure we'll return a few you know 3059 02:05:35,510 --> 02:05:32,800 because they'll always look cool 3060 02:05:36,149 --> 02:05:35,520 at this point we've tested all we can on 3061 02:05:38,310 --> 02:05:36,159 earth 3062 02:05:40,310 --> 02:05:38,320 we have mathematical models that shows 3063 02:05:40,709 --> 02:05:40,320 how it will fly at mars and we've tested 3064 02:05:42,950 --> 02:05:40,719 it 3065 02:05:44,390 --> 02:05:42,960 in the simulated environment that we can 3066 02:05:47,270 --> 02:05:44,400 create on earth 3067 02:05:48,950 --> 02:05:47,280 it really is time now to do the real 3068 02:05:51,109 --> 02:05:48,960 flood types at mars 3069 02:05:53,109 --> 02:05:51,119 nothing is a given but we have done 3070 02:05:54,870 --> 02:05:53,119 everything we can in terms of a test 3071 02:05:56,550 --> 02:05:54,880 program here on earth the vehicle is 3072 02:05:58,310 --> 02:05:56,560 performing extremely well so far 3073 02:05:59,990 --> 02:05:58,320 it's been doing exactly the right thing 3074 02:06:01,270 --> 02:06:00,000 even right now and is bolted onto the 3075 02:06:02,870 --> 02:06:01,280 perseverance rover 3076 02:06:06,069 --> 02:06:02,880 so there's a very good chance that we'll 3077 02:06:08,709 --> 02:06:06,079 pull it off yes but it's still high risk 3078 02:06:09,830 --> 02:06:08,719 and none of us forget that you could 3079 02:06:12,470 --> 02:06:09,840 have a glitch that 3080 02:06:13,430 --> 02:06:12,480 you know could mean end of mission yes 3081 02:06:16,629 --> 02:06:13,440 it's going to be 3082 02:06:17,189 --> 02:06:16,639 exciting reacting to any surprises we 3083 02:06:20,790 --> 02:06:17,199 have 3084 02:06:21,669 --> 02:06:20,800 we can't wait what's really most 3085 02:06:24,069 --> 02:06:21,679 important is 3086 02:06:25,030 --> 02:06:24,079 everything we're learning here is for 3087 02:06:26,870 --> 02:06:25,040 the future 3088 02:06:32,950 --> 02:06:26,880 roto craft systems that we want to 3089 02:06:35,990 --> 02:06:35,109 mimi ong is the project manager for 3090 02:06:38,550 --> 02:06:36,000 ingenuity 3091 02:06:40,629 --> 02:06:38,560 she joins us now as they await a chance 3092 02:06:43,669 --> 02:06:40,639 to check out their helicopter 3093 02:06:45,990 --> 02:06:43,679 in the coming days welcome mimi 3094 02:06:48,069 --> 02:06:46,000 thank you marina oh my goodness we've 3095 02:06:49,830 --> 02:06:48,079 been talking about this for months mimi 3096 02:06:51,030 --> 02:06:49,840 did you ever think you'd be here at this 3097 02:06:52,709 --> 02:06:51,040 point i mean what's going on in your 3098 02:06:55,589 --> 02:06:52,719 head right now 3099 02:06:57,990 --> 02:06:55,599 this is super exciting now we have been 3100 02:06:59,109 --> 02:06:58,000 working on mars helicopter for over six 3101 02:07:01,270 --> 02:06:59,119 years 3102 02:07:03,030 --> 02:07:01,280 testing and carefully designing it for 3103 02:07:04,550 --> 02:07:03,040 operation at mars so what's going 3104 02:07:07,910 --> 02:07:04,560 through my mind 3105 02:07:12,310 --> 02:07:07,920 ingenuity mars helicopter is finally at 3106 02:07:14,790 --> 02:07:12,320 the destination that it is designed for 3107 02:07:16,709 --> 02:07:14,800 now that ingenuity is on mars what is 3108 02:07:18,790 --> 02:07:16,719 the timeline you hope to accomplish as 3109 02:07:20,870 --> 02:07:18,800 you move forward 3110 02:07:23,189 --> 02:07:20,880 we have a series of major milestones 3111 02:07:25,589 --> 02:07:23,199 between now and ingenuity's first flight 3112 02:07:27,350 --> 02:07:25,599 so tomorrow we'll turn on the helicopter 3113 02:07:27,990 --> 02:07:27,360 and its space station could confirm 3114 02:07:29,830 --> 02:07:28,000 health 3115 02:07:31,669 --> 02:07:29,840 after experiencing the dynamics through 3116 02:07:33,750 --> 02:07:31,679 the edl just now 3117 02:07:36,069 --> 02:07:33,760 and the next major milestone will be 3118 02:07:37,030 --> 02:07:36,079 when the rover deploys the helicopter to 3119 02:07:39,189 --> 02:07:37,040 the surface 3120 02:07:40,629 --> 02:07:39,199 and that marks the first moment that 3121 02:07:42,870 --> 02:07:40,639 ingenuity operates 3122 02:07:44,950 --> 02:07:42,880 on its own in a stand-alone manner and 3123 02:07:45,750 --> 02:07:44,960 surviving that first cold frigid night 3124 02:07:48,550 --> 02:07:45,760 of mars 3125 02:07:50,149 --> 02:07:48,560 will be a major milestone we'll execute 3126 02:07:52,310 --> 02:07:50,159 a series of checkouts 3127 02:07:53,990 --> 02:07:52,320 and then we will perform that very 3128 02:07:56,229 --> 02:07:54,000 important first flight 3129 02:07:57,830 --> 02:07:56,239 and if the first flight is successful we 3130 02:07:59,990 --> 02:07:57,840 have up to four more flights 3131 02:08:02,470 --> 02:08:00,000 in the 30 martian days that we have set 3132 02:08:04,069 --> 02:08:02,480 aside for our flight experiments 3133 02:08:06,790 --> 02:08:04,079 and that's when you finally can breathe 3134 02:08:12,709 --> 02:08:08,950 now why is it so important to have that 3135 02:08:16,229 --> 02:08:12,719 aerial dimension to space exploration 3136 02:08:18,870 --> 02:08:16,239 a helicopter flying far ahead of rovers 3137 02:08:20,709 --> 02:08:18,880 and astronauts in the future can provide 3138 02:08:22,790 --> 02:08:20,719 high definition 3139 02:08:24,390 --> 02:08:22,800 reconnaissance information for the 3140 02:08:25,990 --> 02:08:24,400 rovers and the astronauts before they 3141 02:08:29,350 --> 02:08:26,000 take the long journeys 3142 02:08:31,830 --> 02:08:29,360 and as importantly being able to fly 3143 02:08:33,189 --> 02:08:31,840 will enable us to get to places that we 3144 02:08:34,870 --> 02:08:33,199 cannot get to with 3145 02:08:37,510 --> 02:08:34,880 rovers and astronauts like sites of 3146 02:08:39,990 --> 02:08:37,520 steep cliffs deep inside crevices 3147 02:08:42,629 --> 02:08:40,000 areas of high scientific interest it 3148 02:08:44,310 --> 02:08:42,639 will be game changing 3149 02:08:46,149 --> 02:08:44,320 game changing is right and we've talked 3150 02:08:48,950 --> 02:08:46,159 about this a lot you've mentioned the 3151 02:08:53,030 --> 02:08:48,960 risk is huge mimi but the reward is high 3152 02:08:55,109 --> 02:08:53,040 what will be your greatest reward 3153 02:08:56,709 --> 02:08:55,119 you know our team started with the 3154 02:08:59,350 --> 02:08:56,719 question of whether 3155 02:09:01,109 --> 02:08:59,360 a helicopter can fly at mars given the 3156 02:09:03,270 --> 02:09:01,119 extremely thin environment 3157 02:09:04,950 --> 02:09:03,280 and we systematically demonstrated a 3158 02:09:07,350 --> 02:09:04,960 series of technical steps 3159 02:09:09,270 --> 02:09:07,360 we demonstrated lift first and then we 3160 02:09:11,830 --> 02:09:09,280 demonstrated lift and 3161 02:09:13,910 --> 02:09:11,840 the first ever powered control 3162 02:09:15,270 --> 02:09:13,920 rotorcraft flight in simulated mars 3163 02:09:17,510 --> 02:09:15,280 atmospheric density 3164 02:09:18,470 --> 02:09:17,520 and then we went on to build the full up 3165 02:09:21,270 --> 02:09:18,480 helicopter 3166 02:09:21,910 --> 02:09:21,280 that can not only fly but operate and 3167 02:09:25,109 --> 02:09:21,920 survive 3168 02:09:28,149 --> 02:09:25,119 autonomously at mars all under 3169 02:09:30,069 --> 02:09:28,159 1.8 kilograms about four pounds 3170 02:09:31,350 --> 02:09:30,079 and each of these major milestones have 3171 02:09:34,069 --> 02:09:31,360 been a first 3172 02:09:35,750 --> 02:09:34,079 and the success of each of these has 3173 02:09:37,990 --> 02:09:35,760 been so rewarding 3174 02:09:39,510 --> 02:09:38,000 and along the way the rewards just kept 3175 02:09:42,149 --> 02:09:39,520 coming and i have to tell you at this 3176 02:09:45,990 --> 02:09:42,159 moment it's going up exponentially 3177 02:09:49,350 --> 02:09:46,000 so after all these tests analysis 3178 02:09:52,950 --> 02:09:49,360 simulations and more tests on earth 3179 02:09:55,589 --> 02:09:52,960 our team now gets the chance to test 3180 02:09:57,189 --> 02:09:55,599 prove and learn how it works in the 3181 02:09:58,950 --> 02:09:57,199 actual environment of mars 3182 02:10:00,470 --> 02:09:58,960 our team can ask for a bigger reward 3183 02:10:03,189 --> 02:10:00,480 than that 3184 02:10:05,030 --> 02:10:03,199 oh mimi i'm so happy for you and your 3185 02:10:08,310 --> 02:10:05,040 team and now we're gonna take a question 3186 02:10:11,910 --> 02:10:08,320 from social media on instagram for you 3187 02:10:15,350 --> 02:10:11,920 at not vibhuti asks is the helicopter 3188 02:10:18,629 --> 02:10:15,360 going to be doing science 3189 02:10:20,629 --> 02:10:18,639 well the helicopter engineering is a 3190 02:10:23,109 --> 02:10:20,639 technology demonstration 3191 02:10:24,390 --> 02:10:23,119 and we are we are demonstrating the 3192 02:10:27,109 --> 02:10:24,400 ability to fly 3193 02:10:28,629 --> 02:10:27,119 and learning how to fly for the very 3194 02:10:29,910 --> 02:10:28,639 very first time 3195 02:10:32,390 --> 02:10:29,920 and so this is a technology 3196 02:10:34,709 --> 02:10:32,400 demonstration and a pathfinder for 3197 02:10:35,510 --> 02:10:34,719 future larger rotorcraft future missions 3198 02:10:37,589 --> 02:10:35,520 that will carry 3199 02:10:39,910 --> 02:10:37,599 much larger instruments so on this 3200 02:10:42,950 --> 02:10:39,920 mission we're not doing any science 3201 02:10:45,830 --> 02:10:42,960 we're concentrating on engineering 3202 02:10:48,550 --> 02:10:45,840 uh data how did the vehicle perform and 3203 02:10:50,790 --> 02:10:48,560 as you saw uh bob bell ram uh in the 3204 02:10:51,589 --> 02:10:50,800 video before we will be taking a few 3205 02:10:55,030 --> 02:10:51,599 color picture 3206 02:10:56,790 --> 02:10:55,040 flying 3207 02:10:59,030 --> 02:10:56,800 aerial vantage point but they'll be 3208 02:11:01,510 --> 02:10:59,040 icing on the cake for this one this is 3209 02:11:02,709 --> 02:11:01,520 all about engineering data and how do we 3210 02:11:05,750 --> 02:11:02,719 fly compared to 3211 02:11:08,229 --> 02:11:05,760 all our tests we have done on earth mimi 3212 02:11:10,390 --> 02:11:08,239 so much for your team and the future 3213 02:11:12,629 --> 02:11:10,400 generations of scientists and engineers 3214 02:11:14,950 --> 02:11:12,639 to look forward to 3215 02:11:16,629 --> 02:11:14,960 thank you thank you so much for joining 3216 02:11:18,870 --> 02:11:16,639 us mimi and good luck to your team with 3217 02:11:21,350 --> 02:11:18,880 that first test flight 3218 02:11:23,030 --> 02:11:21,360 thank you so much now we look forward to 3219 02:11:25,109 --> 02:11:23,040 the perseverance rover and 3220 02:11:26,550 --> 02:11:25,119 ingenuity helicopter beginning their 3221 02:11:28,870 --> 02:11:26,560 journeys on mars 3222 02:11:29,589 --> 02:11:28,880 as their adventures are just about to 3223 02:11:32,709 --> 02:11:29,599 start 3224 02:11:34,390 --> 02:11:32,719 go perseverance and go ingenuity back to 3225 02:11:37,910 --> 02:11:34,400 you raquel 3226 02:11:38,790 --> 02:11:37,920 thanks marina landing on mars is never 3227 02:11:41,910 --> 02:11:38,800 easy 3228 02:11:45,109 --> 02:11:41,920 but this team has persevered and nasa's 3229 02:11:46,470 --> 02:11:45,119 fifth rover is on the red planet you can 3230 02:11:47,510 --> 02:11:46,480 still hear them buzzing in the back 3231 02:11:49,510 --> 02:11:47,520 right now 3232 02:11:51,990 --> 02:11:49,520 and to get the latest updates on 3233 02:11:55,669 --> 02:11:52,000 perseverance as it explores mars 3234 02:11:56,709 --> 02:11:55,679 follow at nasa persevere on facebook and 3235 02:11:58,550 --> 02:11:56,719 twitter 3236 02:11:59,830 --> 02:11:58,560 i'd like to thank everyone watching for 3237 02:12:01,910 --> 02:11:59,840 joining us today 3238 02:12:04,069 --> 02:12:01,920 and to the students and teachers tuning 3239 02:12:05,350 --> 02:12:04,079 in we hope you learned a lot from 3240 02:12:07,830 --> 02:12:05,360 today's landing 3241 02:12:08,390 --> 02:12:07,840 and thank you for all your questions we 3242 02:12:11,109 --> 02:12:08,400 have a 3243 02:12:12,229 --> 02:12:11,119 news briefing coming up at 2 30 p.m 3244 02:12:14,149 --> 02:12:12,239 pacific time 3245 02:12:16,390 --> 02:12:14,159 that briefing will wrap up the day and 3246 02:12:17,430 --> 02:12:16,400 include reactions from perseverance team 3247 02:12:19,589 --> 02:12:17,440 members 3248 02:12:21,109 --> 02:12:19,599 we'll leave you now with some of the 3249 02:12:23,189 --> 02:12:21,119 landing celebration photos 3250 02:12:24,709 --> 02:12:23,199 you've shared with us set to 3251 02:12:27,910 --> 02:12:24,719 youngblood's cover of 3252 02:12:29,030 --> 02:12:27,920 david bowie's life on mars i'm raquel 3253 02:12:39,890 --> 02:12:29,040 villanueva 3254 02:13:18,950 --> 02:12:46,830 [Music] 3255 02:13:19,510 --> 02:13:18,960 [Applause] 3256 02:13:22,010 --> 02:13:19,520 [Music] 3257 02:13:26,709 --> 02:13:22,020 [Applause] 3258 02:13:56,830 --> 02:13:26,719 [Music] 3259 02:14:52,830 --> 02:13:58,760 is 3260 02:14:54,650 --> 02:14:52,840 [Music] 3261 02:14:58,290 --> 02:14:54,660 is 3262 02:15:36,190 --> 02:14:58,300 [Music] 3263 02:15:41,780 --> 02:15:36,200 oh 3264 02:15:48,830 --> 02:15:42,250 [Applause] 3265 02:15:50,060 --> 02:15:48,840 [Music]